402 GLOSSARY. 



Cleat. The smooth vertical partings which run through a seam, 

 generally at right angles to one another, one sot usually being more 

 pronounced than the other. 



Clip. A means for fastening skips to the rope in the endless rope 

 system of hauling. 



Clipper-off. A hoy who unfastens the clip connecting a skip to a 

 circulating rope. 



Clipper-on. A hoy who fastens skips to a rope with clip. 



Clutch room. A chamber, generally underground, in which there 

 are friction clutches that control the different ropes of the various 

 districts being worked. 



Coal. A solid fuel, which occurs in seams, being the fossilised 

 remains of organic matter. 



Coal apple. A spheroidal form of coal occasionally found in certain 

 seams. 



Coal box. Large bins for storing coal. 



Coal measures. Seams of coal with their accompanying rocks of the 

 same age. 



Coal-puncher or pick-machine.^ A coal cutter of the reciprocating 

 type, used for undercutting and nicking coal. 



Cod-piece. A wooden fish-plate used for connecting the segments 

 of a w ailing-curb. 



Coffee-iJot lamp. An ordinary coal miner's naked oil lamp, similar 

 in shape to a coffee-pot. 



Coke. The fixed carbon and ash of a coal sintered together. 



Cokiny coal. A bituminous coal capable of leaving a caked mass 

 when heated in an oven so as to drive off the volatile hydrocarbons. 



Coke-wharf. A platform on to which coke is pushed when dis- 

 charged from an oven. 



Collar A horizontal piece of timber or iron placed so as to sup- 

 port the roof of a gangway. 



Collar of shaft. The first wooden, frame round the top of a shaft. 



Collecting rope. An endless rope used for bringing skips from 

 Avhere they are left by the main haulage system to the bottom of the 

 shaft, thus saving much handling and the construction of a kip. 



Collier]i. A coal mine, including the surface plant. 



Consideration. 1 An extra payment given to men working under 

 unfavourable conditions, e.g., in a wet place. 



Copt. A capsized or "broken skip." 



Cross-head. A runner or framework that runs on guides, placed a 

 few feet above the sinking bucket in order to prevent it from swinging 

 too violently. 



Coupling chains. See Bridle chains. 



Coup-over. A small chamber., into which an empty skip can be 

 upset so as to alloAV a full skip to pass when there is only a single 

 line. 



Cradle. The platform on which men stand while lining the inside 

 of a shaft with bricks. 



Creep. The gradual rising of the floor or sagging of the roof in 

 mine workings; sometimes erroneously confused with a "crush.'' 



Creeper-chain. A strong circulating chain, in Ayhich every few tV<>t 

 a horn is inserted, which catches the axle of a skip and draws it up 

 an incline. 



Cross-cut. A passage driven diagonally to the facing of the coal. 



Cross-gateway. A road kept through the goaf, which branches off 

 from the main gateway at an angle 



Cross-headino. A passage driven from one working place to 

 another for ventilation purposes. 



Crossing. The place where two or more lines of rails going in 

 different directions cross each other. 



