404 GLOSSARY. 



1). true!:.. A low side open truck, used for conveying coal for home 

 consumption, and from which the coal has to be shovelled. 



Duff. The fine coal left after separating the nuts. 



l>nnil>-d rift. A passage connecting the return airway with the up- 

 cast shaft, when ventilation is carried out with the help of a furnace. 

 The connection is sufficiently high above the furnace so as to prevent the 

 heat from igniting any fire-damp that may be present. 



Dummy.- A couter-balance used on jigs which runs on a narrow- 

 gauge between the jig rails. 



/>///'" A wall or sheet of igneous rock, cutting through other 

 rocks. 



Economiser. A structure for making use of the waste heat from 

 boilers. 



Endless ri>e liaulage.A. system of haulage whereby skips arc- 

 clipped on to an endless circulating rope, the empties going in-bye and 

 the full out-bye. 



Engine plane. An incline on which one set of skips are hauled 

 up-hill by an engine,, while the other set of skips run down-hill by 

 gravity. 



F.i-plodcr. An electric machine used for firing charged holes. 



Face. The place where hewers work. 



Facing. The main vertical joints often seen in coal seams; they 

 may be. confined to the coal, or continue into the adjoining rocks. 



False-bedding. Laminations in rocks at an oblique angle to the 

 proper bedding planes. 



Fan. A wheel provided with vanes which revolves, therein* in- 

 ducing an air current. 



Fan drift. A short tunnel connecting the top of the air shaft 

 with the fan. 



Fast-heading. See "Leading winning." 



Fat -or gas-coal. Coals containing much volatile oily matter. 



Fault. A fracture through rocks causing their dislocation. Miners 

 not finding the same rock continuous on either side of the fracture are 

 said to be at fault. 



Fault coal. A name used for inferior coal in the Clermont district, 

 Queensland, which occurs not only near faidts., but also away from 

 them . 



Fence. An obstruction, such as a bar or cross-sticks, placed across 

 an underground passage past which men have no right to travel. 



Filler. Men who fill the coal into skips. 



Filling-out. Shovelling into skips and taking to the surface. One- 

 .speaks of filling-out burning material when a small fire occurs in a mine. 



Fine coal. See "Slack." 



Finger-bars. Iron rods attached to a cage with the ends Iicnt in 

 such a way as to keep the skips in the cage from running out whilo- 

 being raised or lowered. 



Fire-damp. A mixture of gases composed chiefly of light carbu- 

 retted hydrogen and other hydrocarbons, with hydrogen, carbon di- 

 oxide, oxygen, and nitrogen. 



Firemen. Men who test workings for gas before miners go to their 

 working places. 



Flat. An underground gathering station or siding. 



Flat-sheet. A flooring of boiler plate at crossings and at the top 

 and bottom of a shaft, to facilitate the handling of skips. 



Flatter. The man who attends to the shunting at a flat. 



Fleet angle. The angle made between the two ends of a winding 

 drum as a base, and the pit-head pulley as the apex. 



Flitting. Conveying a coal-cutting machine from one place to 

 another. 



