DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLIES FOR THE FARM 



Bored wells (Iowa type, I to 3 feet in diameter, pervious curbing). 



Advantages. 



Disadvantages. 



Ease of construction; only hand or horse power 



required. 



No expensive materials required for curbing. 

 Cheapness. 

 Utilization of all water strata where curbed with 



uncemented tile. . 



Utilization of small seeps. 



Quick response to rainfall. 



Considerable storage capacity. 

 Accessibility of larger types for cleaning. 



Slowness of method as compared with driving. 



Special outfit required for all but small shallow holes. 



Limited to soft materials. 



Ease of entrance of polluting matter through curb and over 

 top. 



Limitation of points of entrance of water to top and bottom 

 with many wooden curbs. 



Wood curbs favor development of bacteria. 



Water, not being replenished, is often stagnant in larger 

 bores. 



Failures frequent in droughts. 



Necessity of location at distance from house to insure safety. 



Necessity of frequent cleaning; danger from gas while clean- 

 ing in the larger types. 



Limitation of practicable depth of large bores. 



Limitation of size. 



Short life when curbed with wood. 



Location and Protection of Bored and Punched Wells. Since, 

 in the larger bored wells, the methods of curbing, the manner of 

 entrance of the water supplies and the mode of penetration of 

 pollution are the same in all essential particulars as in the common 

 dug well, it follows that the same rules as to location and pro- 

 tection (see pp. 76 to 84) will apply. Likewise, the location and 

 safeguarding of the smaller, tightly cased bored wells and the 

 punched wells will fall under the rules laid down for driven and 

 drilled wells (pp. 98 and 1 08) and need not be further discussed at 

 this point. 



Sinking the Bored Well. For sinking the small bored wells, 

 including those of from 2 to 3 inches in diameter, a common 

 carpenter's auger (Fig. 36, 3) welded to a rod or pipe fitted at the 

 end with a wooden handle passing through a plumber's "T" (for 

 the purpose of turning and lifting the auger) is frequently used 

 (Fig. 36, i). The centering point is usually removed, as shown 

 in the illustration, as it is found a hindrance rather than a help in 

 boring. 



Another common type of auger has the form of a spiral coil. 

 It is made of tire iron, welded or riveted to the turning rod at the 

 top, and provided with a cutting edge at the bottom (Fig. 36, 2). 

 It is more efficient than the preceding form, but is more ex- 

 pensive to construct, and requires more power to operate. Owing 



