CHARACTERS OF MONOCOTYLEDONS. 87 



endogenous, and the plants composing the group are called 



Endogens, as well as Monocotyledons. The term 



Endogen, however, is used in quite a different sense by 

 some recent botanists, and is discarded by them as a 

 synonym for monocotyledon, as having been given originally 

 under a misconception as to the true mode of growth of 

 the wood in stems of this kind. We shall explain more 

 fully the structure of exogenous and endogenous stems 

 when we come to speak of the minute structure of plants 

 in a subsequent chapter. 



120. The typical flower of the Monocotyledons is that 

 of the Lily ; it consists of five whorls, two belonging to the 

 perianth, two to the anthers, and one to the pistil Other 

 flowers of the group, as we have seen, exhibit departures 

 from the type, chiefly in the suppression of whorls or 

 parts of whorls. Thus in the Iris one whorl of stamens 

 is suppressed. In this plant, also, the ovary is inferior. 

 In the spadiceous plants the perianth is suppressed, and 

 in the Grasses there may be suppression in all the whorls. 



CHAPTER XYI. 



EXAMINATION OF CONIFEROUS PLANTS WHITE PINE 



GROUND-HEMLOCK. 



121. The cone-bearing trees are so striking and important 

 \\ feature in Canadian vegetation that even an elementary 

 work like the present would be incomplete without a 

 notice of them. They form, besides, a very distinct group 



