FOLIAGE-LEAVES. 



117 



if the former, the number of lobes is generally given. If the 

 leaves are very deeply cut, they are said to be palmatifid 

 01 pinnatifid, according to the veining (Fig. 1 59). If the leaf 

 is pinnatifid and the lobes point backwards 

 towards the base, as in Dandelion, the leaf 

 is said to be runcinate. If the leaf is palmately 

 lobed, and the lobes at the base are them- 

 selves lobed, the leaf is pedate (Fig. 160), 

 because it looks something like a bird's foot. 

 If the lobes of a pinnatifid leaf are them- 

 selves lobed, the leaf is bipinnatifid. If the 

 leaf is cut up into fine segments, as in 

 Dicentra, it is said to be multifid. 



177. Apex. The principal forms of the 

 Fig. 159. a p ex are the mucronate (Fig. 157), when 



the leaf is tipped with a sharp 



point, as though the mid-rib were 



projecting beyond the blade ; 



cuspidate, when the leaf ends 



abruptly in a very short, but 



distinctly tapering, point (Fig. 

 161) ; acute, or sharp ; 

 and obtuse, or blunt. Fig. ieo. 



It may happen that the apex does not end in 

 a point of any kind. If it looks as though the 

 end had been cut off square, it is truncate. If 

 the end is slightly notched, but not sufficiently 



so to warrant the description obcordate, it is emarginate. 



178. Margin. If the margin is not indented in any 

 way, it is said to be entire. If it has sharp teeth, pointing 



Figs. 159 to 16L Various forms of foliage-leaves. 



