THE FRUIT. 145 



fruit of the Buttercup : they do not split open in order 

 to discharge their seeds. All fruits having this peculiarity 

 are said to be indehiscent, whilst those in which the 

 pericarp opens, or separates into pieces, are dehiscent 



232. In the Apple (Fig. 50) and Pear, the seeds are 

 contained in five cells in the middle of the fruit, and 

 these cells are surrounded by a firm fleshy mass, which is 

 mainly an enlargement of the calyx. In fact, the remains 

 of the five calyx-teeth may be readily detected at the end 

 of the apple opposite the stem. As in Willow-herb, the 

 calyx is adherent to the ovary, and therefore calyx and 

 ovary together constitute the pericarp. These fleshy fruits, 

 or pomes, as they are sometimes called, are of course 

 indehiscent. 



233. In the Currant, as in the Apple, you will find the 

 remains of a calyx at the top, so that this fruit, too, is 

 inferior, but the seeds, instead of being separated from the 

 mass of the fruit by tough cartilaginous cell-walls, as in the 

 Apple, lie imbedded in the soft, juicy pulp. Such a fruit as 

 this is a berry. The Gooseberry and the Grape are other 

 examples. The Pumpkin and other gourds are similar in 

 structure to the berry ; but, besides the soft inner pulp, they 

 have also a firm outer layer and a hard rind. 



The name pepo is generally given to fruits of 

 this sort. 



234. A Kaspberry or Blackberry (Fig. 201) 

 proves, on examination, to be made up of a 

 large number of juicy little drupes, aggregated F te- 201. 

 upon a central axis. It cannot, therefore, be a true berry, 

 but may be called an aggregated fruit. 



Fig. 201. Aggregated ruit of the Raspberry. 



