232 EXAMINATION PAl'KRS. 



49. Give the distinguishing characters of tlie Sapindaee;c, the 

 Rosaceae, the Conifers, and the Iridaee;i\ Name s Canadian plant 

 belonging to each of these orders, and mention any uses made of it 

 or of any part of it. 



50. Define the following terms : bract, scale, involucre, spathe, 

 scape, pedicel, asepalous, monoecious, monadelphous, perianth, 

 stamen, pistil, pome, thallus, drupe. 



51. Describe briefly the structure, the mode of growth, and the 

 use to the plant of roots. Name an example of a plant with aerial 

 roots. 



52. Name the enveloping and the essential organs of the flower, 

 and give a morphological comparison of foliage-leaves, floral en- 

 velopes, stamens, and carpels. 



53. Describe briefly the general process of plant-nutrition, and 

 name the essential elements in the food of plants. 



54. Give the chief distinctive characters of the Cruciferae, the 

 Leguminosae, the Umbelliferse, and the Liliacese. Name three 

 common examples of each of these families. 



55. Describe the modes by which the fertilization of a flower is 

 accomplished. 



56. Distinguish between " definite " and " indefinite " inflorescence. 



57. Which are the nutritive and which the reproductive organs 

 of plants ? 



Briefly describe the principal ones of each kind. 



58. Describe the structure of a "follicle," a "siliqua" and a 

 "legume." 



59. When is a flower said to be " complete," " regular," and 

 "symmetrical? " 



60. Fill the accompanying Floral Schedule with an accurate 

 description of the specimen before you, referring it to its proper 

 order, &c. 



61. Distinguish between (the series): Phanerogams and Crypto- 

 gams. State their divisions and note the distinctions of those of 

 the first (series). 



62. What is the foundation of all vegetable tissue? and of its 

 elements which is essential for its growth and development ? 



63. Describe the functions of the roots, sterna, and foliage-leaves 

 of plants. State the kinds and sources of their nourishment. 

 Mention the changes the nutritive elements undergo in their passage 

 through them and the agencies by which these changes are effected. 



64. Name, describe, and give the functions of the several parts of 

 a typical flower. State which are essential and why. 



65. Give the general characteristics of the Leguminosee, Rosacese 

 and Coniferae. 



66. Refer to their botanical orders, genera, etc.: the plum, pear, 

 orange, pumpkin, cucumber, carrot. 



67. Describe the structure and mode of growth of exogenous and 

 endogenous stems. 



