RUBIACK2E, 61 



3. V. pubes'cens, Pursh. (DowNY ARROW- WOOD.) A strag- 

 gling shrub, not more than 4 feet high, with small ovate coarsely 

 serrate leaves, the lower surface soft-downy. Cymes small. Fruit 

 oblong, dark -purple. Rocky places. 



4. V. acerifolium, L. (MAPLE-LEAVED A. DOCKMACKIE.) 

 A shrub 3-6 feet high, with greenish bark. Leaves 3-lobed, 

 3-ribbed, soft-downy beneath. Stipular appendages bristle- 

 shaped. Cymes small, on long peduncles. Fruit red, becoming 

 black. Thickets and river-banks. 



5. V. Op'ulus,L. (CRANBERRY-TREE.) An upright shrub, 5-10 

 feet high, with strongly 3-lobed leaves, broader than long, the 

 lobes spreading and pointed. Cymes peduncled. Marginal 

 flowers of the cyme very large and neutral. Stipular appendages 

 conspicuous. Fruit red, pleasantly acid. Low grounds. 



6. V. lantanoi'des, Michx. (HOBBLE-BUSH.) A straggling 

 shrub with reclining branches. Leaves large, round-ovate, heart- 

 shaped at the base, serrate, many- veined, the veins underneath 

 and the stalks and branchlets very rusty-scurfy. Stipular 

 appendages conspicuous. Cymes sessile, very broad and flat, 

 with very conspicuous neutral flowers on the margin. Moist 

 woods. 



ORDER XLVI. RTTBIA'CEJE. (MADDER FAMILY.) 



Herbs or shrubs, chiefly distinguished from the preceding 

 Order by the presence of stipules between the opposite entire 

 leaves, or by the leaves being in whorls without stipules. Calyx 

 superior. Stamens alternate with the (mostly 4) lobes of the 

 corolla, and inserted on its tube. Ovary 2-4-celled. 



Synopsis of tlie Genera. 



1. Ga'liuui. Leaves in whorls. Slender weak herbs with square stems. 



Calyx-teeth inconspicuous. Corolla 4-parted, wheel-shaped. Styles 2. 

 Fruit twin, separating into two 1-seeded carpels. 



2. Ceplialan'thus. Leaves opposite. Shrubs with thejlowers in a-globular 



peduncled head. Lobes of calyx and corolla each 4. Style very slender, 

 much protruded. Stigma capitate. 



3. Mitcliel'la. Leaves opposite. Shining trailing evergreen herbs, with 



flowers in pairs, the ovaries united. Lobes of calyx and corolla each 4, 

 the corolla bearded inside. Style 1. Stigmas 4. Fruit a red 2-eyed berry. 



