URTICACE.E. 127 



bract. Stamens 8-16, monadelphous at the base, the anther-cells 

 hanging from the apex of the filament. Styles 3, the stigmas 

 cut-fringed, usually red. Pod separating into 3 globular carpels. 

 A nettle-like weed, with ovate, sparsely serrate, alternate, long- 

 petioled leaves. Fields and open places. 



ORDER LXXXII. URTICA'CEJE. (NETTLE F.) 



Herbs, shrubs, or trees, with monoecious or dioecious (or, in 

 the Elms, sometimes perfect) flowers, with a regular calyx free 

 from the 1-2-celled ovary which becomes a 1 -seeded fruit. 

 Stamens opposite the lobes of the calyx. This Order is divided 

 into four well-marked Suborders. 



SUBORDER T. ULMA'CE^EJ. (ELM FAMILY.) 



Trees, with alternate simple leaves, and deciduous small 

 stipules. Flowers often perfect. Styles 2. Fruit a samara 

 ivinyed all round, or a drupe. 



*Fruit a, samara ; anthers extrorse. 



1. Ulmus. Flowers in lateral clusters, earlier than the leaves, purplish or 



greenish-yellow. Calyx bell-shaped, 4-9 cleft. Stamens 4-9 ; the fila- 

 ments long and slender. Ovary 2-celled, but the samara only 1-seeded. 

 Stigmas 2. 



* * Fruit a drupe ; anthers introrse. 



2. Celtis. Flowers greenish, polygamous, the pistillate solitary or in pairs, 



appearing with the leaves. Calyx 5-6-parted, persistent. Stamens 5-6. 

 Stigmas 2, long and pointed and recurved. Ovary 1-ovuled. 



SUBORDER II. ARTOCAR'PE^I. (BREAD-FRUIT & FIG F. ) 



Flowers monoecious or dioecious, crowded in catkin-like spikes 

 or heads, the whole pistillate catkin becoming an aggregate fruit 

 from the enlargement of the calyx in the several flowers. Calyx 

 4-parted. Stamens 4. Ovary 2-celled, 1 cell eventually disap- 

 pearing. Styles 2. 



3. Morus. Pistillate and staminate flowers in separate catkins. Trees with 



milky juice and rounded leaves. Staminate spikes slender. 



SUBORDER III. UBTrCE^J. (NETTLE FAMILY.) 



Herbs with watery juice and opposite or alternate leaves, often 

 beset with stinging hairs. Flowers monoecious or dioecious, in 



