CUPULIFER.E. 131 



2. J. nigra, L. (BLACK WALNUT.) Leaflets ovate-lanceolate, 

 taper-pointed, serrate. Petioles downy but not clammy. Fruit 

 spherical. Wood a darker brown than in the Butternut. Rich 

 woods ; rare northward. 



2. CAR'YA, Nutt. HICKORY. 



1. C. alba, Nutt. (SHELL- BARK HICKORY.) Leaflets 5, the 

 lower pair much smaller than the others. Husk of the fruit 

 splitting completely into 4 valves. Nut flattish-globular, mucro- 

 nate. Bark of the trunk rough, scaling off in rough strips. 

 Rich woods. 



2. C. tomento'sa, Nutt. (WHITE-HEART HICKORY. ) Sparingly 

 found in the Niagara district and south-westward. Leaflets 7-9. 

 Bark close but not shaggy, and not scaling off on the old trunks. 

 Husk as in the last. Catkins, shoots, and lower surface of the 

 leaves tomentose when young. Nut globular. 



3. C. ama'ra, Nutt. (SWAMP HICKORY or BITTERNUT.) Leaf- 

 lets 7-11. Husk of the fruit splitting half way down. Nut 

 spherical, short-pointed. Bark smooth, not scaling off. Moist 

 ground. 



4. C. porci'na, Nutt. (PIG-NUT. BROOM-HICKORY. ) Leaflets 

 5-7. Shoots, etc. , glabrous. Husk as in the last. Nut oblong or 

 oval. Niagara district, and south-westward. 



ORDER LXXXV. CTJPULIF'EBJE. (OAK FAMILY.) 



Shrubs or trees, with alternate simple leaves, deciduous stipules, 

 and monoecious flowers. Sterile flowers in catkins (but in Beech 

 in small heads) ; the fertile ones solitary or clustered, and fur- 

 nished with an involucre which forms a scaly cup or a bur sur- 

 rounding the nut. 



Synopsis of the Genera. 



1. Quercus. Sterile flowers with a calyx including few or several stamens 



with slender filaments. Fertile flowers scattered or somewhat clustered, 

 each in a scaly involucre or cupule. Nut (acorn) rounded, the base en- 

 closed by the cupule. (Part I, sec. 71.) 



2. Casta'nea. Sterile flowers in long slender catkins. Calyx 6-parted. Fer- 



tile flowers usually 3 in each involucre, the latter prickly, forming a bur- 

 Calyx 6-lobed. Stigmas bristle -shaped. Nuts enclosed (mostly 2 or 3 



