140 COMMON CAN ADI AX WILD PLANTS. 



SUBORDER I. ABIETIN'EJE. (PINE FAMILY PROPER.) 



Fruit a true cone, the imbricated scales in the axil* of lii-ncts. 

 Ovules 2 on the inside of each scale at the base, in fruit coming 

 off with a wing attached to each. (Part I., Figs. 197, 198.) 

 * Cones not ripening till the second year. 



1. 1'iiius. Leaves needle-shaped, 2-5 in a cluster, evergreen, in the axil of a 



thin scale. Sterile catkins in spikes at the bases of the new shoots, con- 

 sisting of many almost sessile anthers spirally inserted on the axis. 

 Cones more or less woody, the scales widely spreading when ripe. 

 Cotyledons of the embryo several. 



* * Cones ripening the first year. 



2. A'bies. Leaves linear or needle-shaped, scattered uniformly along the 



new shoots, evergreen. Sterile catkins in the axils of last year's leaves. 

 Cones with thin scales. 



3. !Larix. Leaves needle-shaped, clustered or fascicled on lateral \ 



last year's wood, many in each bundle, failing of in the, autumn ; those 

 on the new shoots scattered, but deciduous like the rest. 



SUBORDER II. CUPRESSIN'EJE. (CYPRESS F.) 



Fertile flowers of only a few scales, these not in. the rr,/ /'/.< of 

 bracts, forming in fruit either a very small loose and dry cone, 

 or a sort of false berry owing to the thickening of the scales. 

 * Flowers monoecious. Fruit a small loose cone. 



4. Thuja. Leaves some aid-shaped, others scale-like, closely imbricated on 



the flat branches. Catkins ovoid, terminal. 



* * Flowers mostly dioecious. Fruit berry -like, black with a bloom. 

 f>. Junip'erus. Leaves awl-shaped or ccale-like, sometimes of both shapes, 

 evergreen, prickly-pointed, glaucous-white on the upper surface, and 

 in whorls of 3, or opposite. 



SUBORDER III. TAXIN'E^. (EW FAMILY.) 



Fertile flower solitary, consisting of a naked ovule surrounded 

 by a disk which becomes pulpy and berry-like in fruit, enclosing 

 the nut-like seed. Berry rJ. 



G. Taxus. Flowers chiefly dioecious. Leaves evergreen, mucronat*', rigid, 

 scattered. A low straggling bush, usually in the shade o other 

 greens. 



1. PINUS, Tourn. TIM-. 



1. P. resino'sa, Ait. (RED PINK.) Lc,in-< in firux, slender. 

 Bark rather smooth, reddish. Common northward. 



