CH. LIV.] 



THE VOICE. 



735 



The Voice. 



The human musical instrument is often compared to a reed 

 organ-pipe : certainly the notes produced by such pipes in the 

 vox humana stop of organs is very like the human voice. Here 



Fig- 55 6 - Three laryngoscopic views of the superior aperture of the larynx and surround- 

 ing parts. A, the glottis during the emission of a high note in singing ; B, in easy and 

 quiet inhalation of air ; C, in the state of widest possible dilatation, as in inhaling a 

 very deep breath. The diagrams A', B', and C', show in horizontal sections of the 

 glottis the position of the vocal cords and arytenoid cartilages in the three several 

 states represented in the other figures. In all the figures so far as marked, the letters 

 indicate the part* as follows, viz. : /, the base of the tongue ; , the upper free part of 

 the epiglottis ; ', the tubercle or cushion of the epiglottis; >>h, part of the anterior 

 wall of the pharynx behind the larynx ; in the margin of the aryteno-epiglottidean 

 fold, it% the swelling of the membrane caused by the cartilages of Wrisberg ; .>, that of 

 the cartilages of Santorini ; a, the tip or summit of the arytenoid cartilages ; c v, the 

 true vocal cords or lips of the riina glottidis ; e v , the superior or false vocal cords ; 

 between them the ventricle of the larynx ; in C, tr is placed on the anterior wall of the 

 receding trachea, and b indicates the commencement of the two bronchi beyond the 

 bifurcation which may be brought into view in this state of extreme dilatation. 

 (Quain, after Czermak.) 



there is not only the vibration of a column of air, but also of a 

 reed, which corresponds to the vocal cords in the air-chamber 

 composed of the trachea and the bronchial system beneath it. 

 The pharynx, mouth, and nasal cavities above the glottis are 



