WATER FILTERS 



ALL of the water used in the Singer Building 

 /\ for drinking and domestic purposes is puri- 

 JL JL fied l>y two Loomis-Manning Water Filters, 

 shown in the accompanying illustration, which are 

 manufactured by the Lovmis- Manning Filter Com- 

 pany, 9203 Metropolitan Life Tower, New York. 

 Main office and works, Philadelphia, Pa. 



The water, after passing through two specially 

 constructed horizontal filters, is refiltered and refined 



by the Loomis-Manning Filters and delivered to the 

 Water-Cooling Plant for the Drinking- Water System. 



The operation of these filters is very simple, each 

 of them being controlled by a Manning Single Multiple 

 Valve, any function of the filter being obtained by 

 moving the operating lever of the valve over a regis- 

 tered dial to any of the stations marked thereon, 

 namely, "Filtering," "Filtering to Waste," "Wash- 

 ing Filter Bed," or "By-Pass." 



These filters are washed by a reverse current 



of water by means of the >|>eeial devices composing 

 the Loomis System of washing a filter bed. 



One filter supplies the High-Service Drinking- 

 Water System, and is built and tested out to \\ ith.stand 

 a pressure of 400 pounds. The other supplies the 

 Low-Service Drinking- Water System and is built 

 and tested out to withstand a pressure of 100 pounds. 

 Each filter is composed of sections (two cylinders 

 and two bonnets) securely bolted together, and form- 

 ing as a whole a vertical cast-iron cylinder casing 

 mounted upon a cast-iron stand. 



Loomis-Manning Filters have been used in all of 

 the Singer Buildings. In the original Singer Build- 

 ing a plant was installed in 1897. When the Bourne 

 Addition was constructed a second plant was installed 

 in 1899, and now the third plant has been installed 

 in the completed Singer Building in 1908. 



The Loomis-Manning Filters are made of both 

 single- and double-cylinder type. The former con- 

 sists of one cylinder charged with crushed flint, and 

 fitted with an alum coagulant attachment. 



In this apparatus a minute portion of alum is fed 

 to the water as it passes into the filter. The alum 

 coagulates the impurities in the water and deposits 

 them in a glutinous mass on the surface of the filter- 

 ing bed. When the filter is cleansed this mass is 

 washed out into the sewer. 



The double-cylinder type consists of two cylin- 

 ders, one of which is charged with crushed flint 

 quartz, while the other contains granulated bone 

 charcoal. In this type no alum or other coagu- 

 lant is required. The filtering material fills 1 In- 

 lower half of the cylinder. The water enters at 

 the top, passing first through the cylinder con- 

 taining the quartz, which removes the impurities 

 held in suspension; then through the charcoal cylin- 

 der, wherein all odor, taste and color are removed. 

 It deposits all impurities on top of the filtering beds, 

 and clear and sparkling, passes out through the pipe 

 at the bottom of the filter. 



The double-cylinder filters are more econom- 

 ical to operate as no alum is used, and they do not 

 require as frequent washing as the other kind. Most 

 of the installations made are of the double-cylinder 

 type. 



[HO] 



