THE JUKES. 



the grandfather, the mother who keeps a brothel and the daughter 

 who is sent to the poor-house as " a vagrant," an official eupho- 

 nism for prostitute. Here the environment runs parallel to the 

 heredity and is contributive to the perpetuation of the specific disease, 

 causing the blighted granddaughter to revert to the social condition 

 of the grandfather, pauperism. 



Case 10. Line 13, generation 6, has been given before in case 2, 

 when considering harlotry ; we now examine it as a question of 

 pauperism. She is a great granddaughter of the progenitor, an 

 infant mulatto girl conceived by the roadside, born in a poor-house 

 and killed by syphilis before her first year. Thus the granddaughter's 

 licentiousness prepares for her child the identical fate which her 

 grandfather's debauchery did for his idiotic daughter (case 7), pre- 

 mature death linked to alms-house life. Going back along the 

 same line to generation 4, we find other forms of disease linked to 

 pauperism. The mother, affected with constitutional syphilis, is 

 married first to a " Juke ' husband who dies at forty in the poor- 

 house, of consumption. For at least three years before his death 

 (the records previous to this time are missing) she, at thirty-one, 

 and her husband, at thirty-eight, received out-door relief. The 

 second husband also dies of consumption, but in some other town, 

 so that it has been impossible to get the poor-master's record. Of 

 this generation three of the Jukes find a home in the alms-house. 

 Tracing back to the third generation, we find the syphilitic father 

 at forty-five, in the same place, and again later at fifty-two. The 

 year and cause of his death have not been ascertained, so this ex- 

 ample is incomplete, but these preliminary conclusions may be 

 educed : Disease in the third, fourth and sixth generations, and 

 youth in the fourth, both of them forms of weakness, produce a 

 social equivalent, pauperism. 



Case ii. Line 18 is an illegitimate girl twelve years old, her 

 mother being a prostitute with a constitution broken by syphilis. 

 Eleven years ago she died at about 39, and the child was sent to 

 the poor-house. From thence she was adopted by a lady of wealth 

 and is looked upon by some of her relations as having a brilliant 

 future. Here again we find disease bringing with it premature 



2* C 



