THE JUKES. 35 



est children, at which place the fourth child is born. Comparing 

 the children of the fourth generation, we find the older ones escape 

 the influence of the poor-house at this time, no doubt because their 

 strength enables them to support themselves. Here again we find 

 weakness makes the pauper, the children because of youth, the mo- 

 ther because of inability to earn bread for a large family. 



Cases 12 and 14 illustrate that the tendency of the youngest child 

 is to become the pauper of the family and furnish data which help 

 to explain why it is so. The child who is born in the poor-house, 

 especially if a girl, stands a very fair chance of remaining there till 

 10 or 14 years of age, before anybody thinks it worth while to adopt 

 her. She has then formed an affection for the place, its people, 

 and its habits, and when the vicissitudes of life bring want, she fails 

 in effort, the traditions of youth having prepared her to rely on help, 

 she reverts easily to the poor-house even in the prime of life. The 

 older children, not having any such experience, are less likely to 

 think of it as an alternative. 



We now take up a different class of cases which show that the 

 tendency of the youngest is to be the pauper of the family, adding 

 another form of proof to establish that proposition. 



Case 15. Chart I., children of the eldest born of generation 3 

 compared to each other. The first born in generation 4 begins 

 his claim for outside relief at 53, his next brother at 36, and the 

 youngest born boy at 46, indicating a power of resistance greater in 

 the first born than in the last. The only child of this genera- 

 tion who enters the poor-house is a girl, and she is the youngest 

 child, who gets committed for debauchery. 



That the youngest boy resists better than the third is owing, 

 probably, to his having married a wife who was healthy and whose 

 industrious habits checked the tendency to induced pauperism, while 

 the wife of the eldest brother being fat and syphilitic, becomes a 

 burden upon him by reason of disease, conditions contributive to 

 discouragement of domestic affections and to the 'exertion for the 

 maintenance of home which those motives arouse. 



Case 16. Passing to chart III., and comparing the eight children 

 of Bell, the first four of whom are illegitimate, we find the fourth 

 and the eighth child are inclined to pauperism. This seems to 



