38 THE JUKES. 



3. Hereditary pauperism rests chiefly upon disease in some 

 form, tends to terminate in extinction, and may be called the 

 sociological aspect of physical degeneration. 



4. The debility and diseases which enter most largely in its pro- 

 duction are the result of sexual licentiousness. 



5. Pauperism in adult age, especially in the meridian of life, 

 indicates a hereditary tendency which may or may not be modified 

 by the environment. 



6. Pauperism follows men more frequently than women, indi- 

 cating a decided tendency to hereditary pauperism. 



7. The different degrees of adult pauperism from out-door relief 

 to alms-house charity, indicate, in the main, different gradations of 

 waning vitality. In this light the whole question is opened up, 

 whether indolence, which the dogmatic aphorism says " is the root 

 of all evil," is not, after all, a mark of undervitalization and an 

 effect which acts only as a secondary cause. 



8. Induced pauperism results from bad administration of the 

 law, or temporary weakness or disability in the recipient. 



9. The pauperism of childhood is an accident of life rather than 

 a hereditary characteristic. 



10. The youngest child has a tendency to become the pauper of 

 the family. 



11. Youngest children are more likely than the older ones to 

 become the inmates of the poor-house through the misconduct or 

 misfortune of parents. 



12. Such younger children, who remain inmates of the alms-house 

 long enough to form associations that live in the memory and habits 

 that continue in the conduct, have a greater tendency to sponta- 

 neously revert to that condition whenever any emergency of life 

 overtakes them, and domesticate there more readily than older 

 children whose greater strength has kept them out during youth. 



13. The children old enough to provide for themselves are forced 

 by necessity to rely upon themselves, and in consequence are less 

 liable to become paupers in old age. 



14. Induced pauperism may lead to the establishment of the 

 hereditary form. 



