48 THE JUKES. 



against property, including burglary, grand larceny, and highway 

 robbery, Effie's only show 30 per cent, the highest crime 

 being petit larceny, which is the lowest crime of the other 

 branch. Of the crimes against the person, Effie's stock shows 

 a preponderance, 30 per cent, compared to 28 per cent, while 

 the offenses compare as to intensity : Effie's, attempt to kill, one ; 

 Ada's, murder one, attempt at rape, three. When we come 

 to breach of peace and vagrancy the percentage stands be- 

 tween Ada's and Effie's children as 16 to 46 per cent, and for va- 

 grancy as 2 to 38 per cent. Comparing the criminals of each branch 

 to each other, we find while all of Effie's are pauperized, only 35 

 per cent of Ada's have received out-door relief, while the alms-house 

 pauperism compare as 23 per cent of Ada, to 57 per cent of Effie. 

 Looking still closer and comparing ages at which relief was received, 

 we find only one of Ada to five of Effie received out-door relief 

 under 25 years of age, while two of Ada's resisted application till after 

 35, and one after 45, while every one of Effie's seven criminals was 

 a pauper before 35 in point of fact at 30. The contrast as to the 

 alms-house pauperism appears in the table much less than it really 

 is, for, while Ada's account has three children in the poor-house 

 whose ages range from four to ten, Effie's are all adults, ranging 

 from 23 to 56 years of age. 



From this comparison, it would seem that the distinctively 

 pauper stock is less aggressive than the criminal, that crimes of 

 contrivance are characteristic of the criminal branch, while petty 

 misdemeanors are the characteristic of the pauper criminal. 



Case 29. Having summed up the evidence on pauperism and 

 crime, we now turn to chart IV., generation 5, line i, to a man who 

 forms an example of the transition state between the two. He is 

 the illegitimate first son of a first son ; what his early childhood 

 was has not been ascertained beyond this, that he was not an in- 

 mate of an alms-house. His youth was licentious, for at 13 he was 

 afflicted so severely with syphilis, that his foot was lamed for life, 

 and at 41, the time when he was seen, he walked with a hahing 

 step. The records show that at 23 years of age he got out-door 

 relief; at 25, petit larceny, county jail ; at 30, petit larceny, no one 

 prosecutes \ 32, out-door relief one year ; 33, prosecuted for has- 



