66 THE JUKES. 



4. Environment tends to produce habits which may become 

 hereditary, especially so in pauperism and licentiousness, if it 

 should be sufficiently constant to produce modification of cerebral 

 tissue. 



If these conclusions are correct, then the whole question of the 

 control of crime and pauperism become possible, within wide limits, 

 if the necessary training can be made to reach over two or three 

 generations. 



5. From the above considerations the logical induction seems to 

 be, that environment is the ultimate controlling factor in determin- 

 ing careers, placing heredity itself as an organized result of invari- 

 able environment. The permanence of ancestral types is only another 

 demonstration of the fixity of the environment within limits which 

 necessitate the development of typal characteristics. 



Extension of the field of Genealogical study. The " Jukes ' take 

 in only a fraction of the domain of investigation into crime, its 

 cause and cure. The essential characteristics of the group are great 

 vitality, ignorance and poverty. They have never had a training 

 which would bring into activity the aesthetic tastes, the habits of rea- 

 soning, or indeed a desire for the ordinary comforts of a well-ordered 

 home. They are not an exceptional class of people : their like 

 may be found in every county in this State. For this reason an ex- 

 haustive analysis of this family is valuable, because the inductions 

 drawn from their careers are applicable to a numerous and widely 

 disseminated class who need to be reached by similar agencies. 



The study here presented is largely tentative, and care should 

 be taken that the conclusions drawn be not applied indiscriminately 

 to the general questions of crime and pauperism, for we are here 

 dealing mainly with blood relations living in a similar environment, 

 physical, social and governmental, in whom the order of events 

 noted may be hereditary characteristics special to themselves, and 

 not of unvarying recurrence. 



Nevertheless, it opens the way and supplies the method for a 

 otudy of other cases, supplementing and complementing this one, 

 and presenting a different point of departure, whether it be the 

 progeny of influential landed proprietors who lapse into pauperism, 



