THE JUKES. 87 



who committed crimes against the person come from stocks who 

 know their ancestry better than those who commit crimes against 

 property, the orphanage of the former being 30.95 per cent or 

 nearly one-third, of the latter 42.93 per cent or nearly one-half. It 

 has been said that " whatever is physiologically right is morally 

 right," * and here we have a confirmation of that saying by its con- 

 verse, that whatever is physiologically unsound is morally rotten ; 

 for we find that murder, rape and arson, crimes which arouse our 

 abhorrence and indignation the most, for which the law awards the 

 most severe penalties, and which all men in all nations are agreed 

 to look upon as unpardonable, are perpetrated by a class of men 

 whose probable capacity for self-government is twice and a-half 

 less than that of criminals who prey upon property, and whose prob- 

 able mental unsoundness, taking Dr. Guy's experience as the basis 

 of calculation, is thirty-four times greater than that of the average 

 community. 



Inebriety. Under the term " habitual drunkards " are included 

 all such persons as get drunk at least once in three weeks, or whose 

 passion for drink unfailingly induces them to intoxication whenever 

 the opportunity presents itself, even if the intervals between de- 

 bauches should be more than three weeks. It has been the aim of 

 the investigation to establish if possible, the age at which inebriety 

 was first begun, and the age at which the habit was fixed as an 

 appetite. It was impracticable to make a discrimination between 

 the occasional and the periodical drunkard, but other facts in the 

 lives of those examined enable the construction of a series of four 

 tables which illustrate the order of events in each career according 

 to the plan of study set forth in " The Jukes ! " f 



In table XII. it will be found that 42.49 per cent of the total 

 number of criminals are of intemperate family, while 39.05 per cent 

 are habitual drunkards. With the house-of-refuge boys the ratios 

 rise, respectively, to 51 per cent of intemperate family, and 51 per 

 cent of habitual drunkards ; but when we come to compare the 

 habitual criminals to the first offenders we find that only 30 per 

 cent of these latterbelong to this class against 42.61 per cent of the 



Dr. Edmunds. t See pages 39, 41. 



