io 4 THE JUKES. 



above, that those who do minor crimes commit about 100 to 150 

 offenses to one commitment^ while those who " go for big money " get 

 caught once out of five times, we have here something which may 

 serve as a measure of police and public efficiency in preventing 

 crime. Where large stores of valuables are kept, extra precautions 

 are taken by the owners ; where large sums are lost, the loser spares 

 no pains or expense to catch and punish the offender, and the 

 result is the convictions are 27 times more frequent in propor- 

 tion to the number of offenses. Nor is it fair to lay the chief blame 

 upon the police for not bringing petty offenders to justice more 

 frequently. The blame is far more due to the public, which is so 

 careless or indifferent to its small losses, that it invites pilfering. We 

 know of one person who nas lived 20 years of adult life and never had 

 his pocket picked, though a resident of the city for three-fourths of 

 that time, and another who has gone 40 years with a like experience, 

 while others get theirs picked, on an average, twice a year. The 

 same caution in the latter case would, no doubt, produce the same 

 immunity as in the former, and would of itself go far to solve the 

 perplexing problem : What shall we do about our criminals ? One 

 answer is : Lead them not into temptation. 



Relations of Crime and Pauperism. In Table XII. it appears 

 that 22.31 per cent of State prison convicts are of pauper stock. 

 This is a considerable proportion, and it was intended to test wheth- 

 er the tentative inductions made in the " Jukes " * held good, that the 

 tendency of the oldest boy is to be the criminal, that of the young- 

 est to be the pauper of the family ; but the inquiry was frustrated 

 from various causes and the material collected is not sufficiently 

 elaborated or consecutive to be available for record. There are, 

 however, some facts which add to the evidence that the tentative 

 inductions there stated are correct. 



" Refuge " Boys. Under this title are included all boys who 

 have been sent to a reformatory, school ship, industrial school, or 

 house of refuge. The total number of refuge boys is 53, or 22.74 

 per cent of the prisoners examined the great mass of them being 

 city boys. Dividing the total number of criminals into two cate- 



* Induction! as to pauperism p. 38, 10. Inductions as to crime p. 471 4. 



