THE JUKES. 107 



number of refuge boys are illegitimate, and do not know anything 

 about their paternity ; for this reason it is impossible to get 

 reliable information as to the existence of nervous diseases in 

 their ancestry. Were this obtainable the percentage would un- 

 doubtedly be much higher than that shown in table XII., where it 

 appears as only 15.09 per cent. The average age at which their 

 childhood was neglected is 8 years and a quarter ; they began crime 

 at 9 years and 8 months, 2 of them at 5 years, 4 at 7, and 5 at 8 ; 

 they went to the refuge at 12 years and 9 months, while their 

 present age is only 23. They began prostitution at the average of 

 14 years and 9 months, one beginning at 6 and one at 10, and had 

 contracted venereal disease at 19 years and 6 months, four of them 

 at 1 6 and under. 



On taking a closer review we find 26 are habitual drunkards, 

 two of them before their ninth year, and of these 26 we know that 

 14 had parents who were habitual drunkards ; 5 of these 14 are of 

 pauper stock, 6 are of criminal family, and 3 are either insane or of 

 nervously disordered stock. This statement does not exhaust the 

 story of the heredity ; for out of these 26 habitual drunkards 4 had 

 occasional drunkards for fathers, while the ancestral habits of six 

 others are unknown ; but it is to be remarked that not one has parents 

 recorded as temperate. Of the 21 who are occasional drunkards 

 only 2 have for parents habitual drunkards, while 2 have parents who 

 are temperate, leaving 8 whose parentage is unknown. It is also to 

 be remarked that of 16 criminals addicted to intemperance in any 

 degree who have parents known to be habitual drunkards, 7 belong 

 to criminal families, while the 37 other refuge boys show only 6 

 who are of criminal stock. 



On inspection of Table XVIII., it will be seen that in 45 cases 

 out of 53 I was unable to get information as to the ancestral char- 

 acteristics as to nervous disorders ; otherwise the number would be 

 much greater. 



Of the 8 who are of neurotic stock 3 are themselves deranged, 

 2 being insane in the asylum ; 5 are habitual drunkards, one at 8, 

 one at 9, and one at 18, while 3 are known to be the children of 

 habitual drunkards, the ancestral habits of the other two being un- 



