no THE JUKES. 



known, one of them however having a mother who died of paralysis; 

 3 of these 5 habitual drunkards are of pauper stock, while 2 of them 

 had prostitute mothers, 2 others are of criminal stock, the parentage 

 of the other being unknown. It thus appears that the neurotic 

 House of Refuge stock shows a cumulation of misfortune both as to 

 heredity and environment which accounts abundantly why they are 

 incurable criminals. 



Typical classes of criminals. The large proportion of habitual 

 criminals raises the question : How shall their number be de' 

 creased ? This requires the citing of typical cases which suggest 

 reflections on the manner in which the law and the prison now 

 deal with them. 



1. Of those who are essentially not criminal, who are of sound 

 mind and body, honest and industrious and of good stock, there 

 are, among State prison convicts, from i to 2 per cent. They are 

 usually committed for crimes against the person, and belong to that 

 class of men who are benefited by imprisonment, if the term of 

 sentence is not too long. What they need is protection from the 

 after recognition of habitual criminals, from contamination by loss 

 of self-respect, and opportunity for mental culture. 



2. First offenders who fall because they are vain, self-indulgent, 

 and in the toils of lewd women. They abuse trusts by embezzle- 

 ment, and represent a class who are quite too numerous in our 

 midst. When detected they often escape prosecution altogether 

 for the sake of their parents, and because they are personally liked. 

 The type is that of a descending family, in which the misuse of 

 good faculties and the abuse of opportunities conspire to lead 

 astray, but the good teachings of youth and the dear associations 

 of home make reformation easy. 



3. First offenders who have been led off into crime by bad asso- 

 ciates. They are children of honest parents who, from indulgence 

 or want of capacity, have not brought them up judiciously. 



In the foregoing we have what may be called types of sporadic 

 crime, in which the primary element of disorder is only a movement 

 of momentary passion kindled partly by feelings of self-respect, or 

 educational neglect, uncomplicated by insane or criminal heredit- 



