THE JUKES. 119 



habits of industry because it fails to employ the mind, and as the 

 fraction of a trade it teaches soon becomes a purely automatic 

 operation that requires no attention, the mind is left free to rove 

 over the recollections of vice and schemes of mischief, which it is 

 the purpose of the reformatory to obliterate by training. 



Thus public health and infant education conforming, in general 

 plan, to Froebel's Kindergarten school, are the two legs upon which 

 the general morality of the future must travel. It may be objected 

 that the general community is not sufficiently trained to understand 

 and to establish rational education as here indicated. If this be so, it 

 is at least possible to order that a few hundred of the large number of 

 the orphans supported by the State shall be dealt with according to 

 the most approved methods of education. In St. Louis, Missouri, 

 the Kindergarten education has been introduced in the public schools, 

 and observers of its effects say that it has a marked tendency to 

 prevent hysteria among girls. If this is true, how important an aux- 

 iliary must it be to a class of human beings who are, according to 

 Bruce Thomson, seventeen times more liable to nervous disorders 

 than the average community ! 



In the preceding pages I have endeavored to show that the 

 two great factors in a well-balanced life are a healthy body, prop- 

 erly developed, and a sound and broad judgment, resulting in a 

 well-fashioned and powerful will. It now only remains to add that 

 the same methods which will secure the advantages of these for the 

 general community, will also be efficacious when applied to the 

 rectification of unbalanced lives. Indeed, it may be asserted that, 

 inasmuch as the study of the defects of the blind, the deaf mute 

 and the idiotic has resulted in the discovery of some of the most 

 valuable axioms of educational science, so will the steady, careful 

 and masterly training of the criminal add other axioms equally 

 valuable in a complete system of education. Indeed, there is a dis- 

 tinct department of pedagogics which has received hardly any at- 

 tention, that which relates to the art of training how to unlearn. 

 This is done by all sane human beings and usually goes by the 

 name of experience, but what the nature is of the psychological 

 process, or to what extent it may be availed of for purposes of met- 



