DO ANIMALS THINK AND REFLECT? 



away. The wasp came out, brought it to the open 

 ing as before, and went within a second time ; again 

 the game was removed, again the wasp came out 

 and brought it back and entered her nest as before. 

 This little comedy was repeated over and over ; 

 each time the wasp felt compelled to enter her hole 

 before dragging in the grasshopper. She was like 

 a machine that would work that way and no other. 

 Step must follow step in just such order. Any inter 

 ruption of the regular method and she must begin 

 over again. This is instinct, and the incident shows 

 how widely it differs from conscious intelligence. 



If you have a tame chipmunk, turn him loose 

 in an empty room and give him some nuts. Find 

 ing no place to hide them, he will doubtless carry 

 them into a corner and pretend to cover them up. 

 You will see his paws move quickly about them for 

 an instant as if in the act of pulling leaves or mould 

 over them. His machine, too, must work in that way. 

 After the nuts have been laid down, the next thing 

 in order is to cover them, and he makes the motions 

 all in due form. Intelligence would have omitted 

 this useless act. 



A canary-bird in its cage will go through all the 

 motions of taking a bath in front of the cup that 

 holds its drinking-water when it can only dip its bill 

 into the liquid. The sight or touch of the water ex 

 cites it and sets it going, and with now and then a 

 drop thrown from its beak it will keep up the flirting 

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