120 A Century of Science 



work a man does, he is doing that which in the 

 very working has in it an element of something 

 outside of egoism ; even if he is doing it for mo 

 tives not very altruistic, he is working toward a 

 result the end of which is the gratification or the 

 benefit of other persons than himself ; he is work 

 ing toward some result which in a measure depends 

 upon their approval, and to that extent tends to 

 bring him into closer relations to his fellow man. 



In the future, to an even greater extent than 

 in the recent past, crude labour will be replaced 

 by mechanical contrivances. The kind of labour 

 which can command its price is the kind which 

 has trained intelligence behind it. One of the 

 great needs of our time is the multiplication of 

 skilled and special labour. The demand for the 

 products of intelligence is far greater than that 

 for mere crude products of labour, and it will be 

 more and more so. For there comes a time when 

 the latter products have satisfied the limit to which 

 a man can consume food and drink and shelter, 

 those things which merely keep the animal alive. 

 But to those things which minister to the require 

 ments of the spiritual side of a man there is almost 

 no limit. The demand one can conceive is well- 

 nigh infinite. One of the philosophical things that 

 have been said, in discriminating man from the 



