.OTHER DATA 133 



but the deterioration and consequent leakage from the old pipes is progress- 

 ing more rapidly than the work of replacing the pipes. Report on the Water 

 Supply of the City of New York, Merchants Association, April 15, 1900, 

 p. 119. 



At about the same time, Mr. John R. Freeman, in reporting 

 on the Water Supply of New York, mentions these matters and 

 gives two additional pieces of evidence. The first is a test of 

 the Providence special high pressure fire pipe system.* The 

 system when tested was -about three years old, and consisted of 

 5.57 miles of pipe mainly 16 inches in diameter, under an average 

 pressure of 114 pounds, in the business section of the city. 

 It has no service connections of any description. The test was 

 made by Mr. Otis F. Clapp, City Engineer, on June 10, 1900, 

 by putting a small water meter on a by-pass around the main 

 gates supplying the system. The test showed a leakage at the 

 rate of 2487 gallons per twenty-four hours, which, as Mr. Free- 

 man computes, is equal to a leakage of 0.22 gallon per foot of 

 leaded joint per twenty-four hours, or about one-fifteenth of the 

 amount found by Mr. Brackett. It is to be noted that this 

 was special high pressure fire service pipe and the joints were 

 probably made with greater care then is the rule in ordinary 

 water-works systems. 



The second test reported by Mr. Freeman is of the pipe sys- 

 tem at Milton, Mass. This was made by measuring the mini- 

 mum night flow in a residential community and assuming that 

 two-thirds of the night flow was from cast-iron mains and one- 

 third from house fixtures. There were 2 miles of 4-inch pipe; 18 

 miles of 6-inch; 5 miles of 8-inch; 3 miles of lo-inch; 4 miles of 

 1 2 -inch; a total of 32 miles, and a total length of leaded pipe 

 joint not far from 37,000 feet. The total population served 

 was about 6500, and there were 818 service pipes. On this 

 basis leakage amounted to 1.3 gallons per twenty-four hours 

 per foot of leaded joint. As the division of the loss between pipe 

 and services is estimated, this is only of significance as being a 

 case where the total loss is unusually low. 



Mr. E. G. Bradbury, discussing the matter at a much more 



* Freeman's Report on New York Water Supply, p. 60. 



