28 



ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES. 



zens. They were encountered and scattered 

 by a force commanded by General Grierson, 

 and pursued wherever they showed them- 

 selves. Victoria and his band of marauders 

 were finally driven over the Mexican border 

 in September by General Buell. The Aineri 

 can forces pursued them into Mexican terri- 

 tory for more than 100 miles south of Quit- 

 man, Texas, when they were notified by the 

 Mexican Colonel Terrassas, with whom they 

 had communicated, that a further advance into 

 Mexico would be objectionable. After com- 

 mitting a massacre in the district of Chihuahua, 

 the Indians were met by the Mexican troops 

 under Terrassas. Victoria was slain with 60 

 of his warriors and 18 women and children; 

 and 68 women and children were captured. 

 The remainder of his band, about 80, fled 

 across the line into American territory again. 

 The raids of Victoria extended through a year 

 and a half. His band and their allies are sup- 

 posed to have committed as many as 400 mur- 

 ders. A party of Mescalleros who had been 

 separated from Victoria's band in the fight 

 with General Grierson attacked a picket near 

 Eagle Springs, Texas, October 29th, and killed 

 4 men. 



An organized band of emigrants from Kan- 

 sas, Arkansas, and Texas, called the Oklahoma 

 Colony, started in November for the strip of 

 territory of 57 miles beyond the border-line of 

 Kansas in Indian Territory, which they claimed 

 was not a portion of the ceded reservation, and 

 which they announced that they would settle 

 upon and occupy by force m^.ess forbidden 

 by act of Congress, since the Secretary of the 

 Interior had expressed the intention to settle 

 the wild Indian tribes of the Southwest upon 

 the disputed tract, and the Federal courts had 

 not promptly accorded a judicial hearing of 

 the matter. The president of the colony was 

 D. I. Payne. 



The removal of the Utes from the reserva- 

 tion in which silver and gold mines have been 

 found, in Colorado, has been attended by many 

 difficulties. A critical conjuncture, in which 

 the Indian agents and the small body of troops 

 on the reservation were in danger of becoming 

 the victims of a sudden outburst of savage 

 rage, was brought on by the action of the 

 State authorities in regard to a case of man- 

 slaughter, in which an Indian was killed by a 

 freight-carrier, and the perpetrator captured 

 and put to death by the Indians. (See COLO- 

 EADO.) 



At the beginning of November about 1,500 

 Indians who had taken part in the rebellion of 

 Sitting Bull had surrendered to the military, 

 and were placed on the reservation in Mon- 

 tana, under the control of the garrison at Fort 

 Keogh, and set to agricultural employments. 

 The chiefs Spotted Tail and Kain-in-the-Face 

 gave themselves up with their camps ; but Sit- 

 ting Bull refused to deliver himself up till the 

 return of the British officer, Major Walsh, who 

 had treated with him as a mediator. 



The number of Indians in the United States, 

 exclusive of Alaska, is 255,938, all of whom 

 except some 18,000 are under the control of 

 agents of the Government. In the Indian Ter- 

 ritory there are 60,560 civilized and 17,750 un- 

 civilized Indians. There are about 25,000 In- 

 dians in Dakota, 23,000 in New Mexico, 21,000 

 in Montana, 17,000 in Arizona, and 14,000 in 

 Washington Territory. Over 5,000 Indians 

 live in the State of New York, and 10,000 in 

 Michigan. The number of acres broken by In- 

 dians not belonging to the five civilized nations 

 of Indian Territory in 1880 was 27,283 ; the 

 number of acres under cultivation, 170,847; 

 bushels of wheat raised, 415,777; of corn, 666,- 

 430 ; of oats and barley, 222,439 ; of vegetables, 

 376,145; tons of hay, 56,527 ; number of cattle 

 owned, 78,812 ; of sheep, 864,137. By the civ- 

 ilized tribes the number of acres cultivated was 

 314,398; the number of bushels of wheat grown, 

 336,424; of corn, 2,346,042 ; of oats and barley, 

 124,568 ; of vegetables, 595,000 ; tons of hay cut, 

 149,000; bales of cotton raised, 16,800; num- 

 ber of cattle owned, 297,040 ; of swine, 400,- 

 282. Among the Indians, exclusive of the five 

 civilized tribes, 110 day-schools and 60 board- 

 ing-schools have been maintained with 316 

 teachers. These have been attended by up- 

 ward of 7,000 children. The boarding-schools 

 are regarded as more efficacious than the day- 

 schools, since in them the teaching of farming 

 and domestic work can be more successfully 

 conducted. As much attention is given to in- 

 struction in useful labor necessary to self-main- 

 tenance as to the schoolroom studies. There 

 are tribes numbering 50,000 Indians who have 

 no treaty school funds. The Indian Bureau 

 intends to open 13 new boarding-schools dur- 

 ing the present season, which will be the first 

 schools established for the instruction of the 

 Western Shoshones, the San Carlos Apaches, 

 arid the first regular and satisfactory instruc- 

 tion provided for nine other tribes, numbering 

 in all over 33,000 individuals. The officers con- 

 ducting Indian affairs deem that the time is 

 come when the tribal customs can be supplant- 

 ed by the law of the land to a considerable ex- 

 tent, and when the policy of granting commu- 

 nal rights only in the reservations may safely 

 be abandoned, and agricultural lands be allot- 

 ted to individual Indians to hold in severalty. 

 Acting-Commissioner Marble reports that the 

 feeling among the Indians on the reservations 

 in favor of individual ownership is almost uni- 

 versal. " Following the issue of patents comes 

 disintegration of tribal relations, and if his land 

 is secured for a wholesome period against alien- 

 ation, and is protected against the rapacity of 

 speculators, the Indian acquires a sense of own- 

 ership, and, learning to appreciate the advan- 

 tages and results of labor, insensibly prepares 

 himself for the duties of a citizen." The Com- 

 missioner recommends a law also to prevent 

 polygamy and legalize marriage among the In- 

 dians, and the enactment of a code of criminal 

 law for the reservations. He considers that the 



