46 



AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN MONARCHY. 



and to be likely to produce discord among the 

 different nationalities of the empire. It is 

 claimed, by those who sympathize with the 

 German Constitutional party, that at least nine 

 tenths of the wealthy and educated Germans 

 of Austria will actively cooperate with the op- 

 position against the Federalists. Indications 

 are not even wanting that many Germans of 

 Austria, rather than submit to an increasing 

 predominance of the Slavic element, would 

 prefer a dissolution of the empire, and a union 

 of the German provinces with the German 

 Empire. In 1879 a member of the Reichstag, 

 Herr von Schonerer, had even the courage of 

 expressing these views -in the Reichstag. At a 

 large meeting of the students of the University 

 of Vienna, held in November, 1880, the same 

 sentiments were expressed by most of the speak- 

 ers, and Herr von Schonerer was enthusias- 

 tically applauded when he said that the Ger- 

 mans of Austria were gravitating, not only to- 

 ward Vienna, but toward every center of Ger- 

 manism, and most of all toward that center 

 which 'was the most German. The German 

 Conservative party, which follows the lead of 

 Count Hohenwart, endeavored to reply to these 

 demonstrations of the Liberals by counter- 

 demonstrations, the object of which was to 

 show that a considerable portion of Germans 

 in Austria by no means share the apprehen- 

 sions of the Liberals respecting the dangers 

 which threaten the unity of the empire and 

 the legitimate position of the German element 

 from the policy of the present Cabinet, but 

 that, on the contrary, they think this policy 

 tends to consolidate the unity of the empire, by 

 bringing about peace and satisfaction among 

 all the nationalities of Austria. 



The delegations met in Pesth on October 

 19th. The Hungarian delegation elected Louis 

 Tisza, a brother of the Prime Minister, presi- 

 dent, and Cardinal Haynald vice-president. By 

 the Austrian delegation, Count Coronini was 

 elected president and Count Czartoryski vice- 

 president. On October 25th the members of the 

 two delegations were received by the Emperor. 

 In reply to the addresses by the presidents of 

 the two delegations, the Emperor said that his 

 Government had united its efforts with those 

 of the other powers for the purpose of remov- 

 ing the difficulties which the execution of some 

 of the stipulations of the Berlin Treaty had 

 encountered ; that the propositions sent to the 

 delegations contained, with regard to some 

 branches of the military administration, fur- 

 ther claims on their patriotic readiness to make 

 sacrifices ; that, in examining these demands, 

 they would direct their serious care to the un- 

 avoidable necessities of the security and de- 

 fense of the monarchy as well as the well-being 

 of the army; that the state of Bosnia was po- 

 litically a satisfactory one, making it possible 

 once more to reduce the number of troops 

 there, and thus to diminish the cost. The 

 credits demanded by the Government were 

 granted by both delegations, with the excep- 



tion of a few inconsiderable deductions from 

 the demands of the Minister of War. 



The fact that Bosnia and Herzegovina have 

 been greatly benefited by the establishment of 

 an Austrian administration is generally con- 

 ceded. The Austrian Government found it, 

 however, necessary to maintain a strong army 

 of occupation. At the beginning of the year 

 it was reported from the sanjak of Novi-Bazar 

 that numerous bands of robbers were travers- 

 ing the country and harassing the Austrian 

 army. They were, however, soon suppressed. 

 The Government encouraged emigration from 

 Austria and Hungary to Bosnia, and some 

 progress was made in this direction, but it was 

 believed that immigration on a larger scale 

 would not begin until it was definitely settled 

 that Bosnia and Herzegovina would remain 

 for ever a part of the Austrian dominions. An 

 animated and important discussion on the oc- 

 cupation of Bosnia arose in the meeting of the 

 Hungarian delegation. The discussion had not 

 reference to the Bosnian credit demanded by 

 the Government, as it was recognized on all 

 hands that the Minister of War had done his 

 best in reducing the establishment of the army 

 of occupation from 33,000 to 26 s OOOmen. The 

 debate turned on the right of the delegations 

 to have an insight into the revenues and ex- 

 penses of the Bosnian administration. In the 

 previous discussion of the subject in commit- 

 tee, the common Minister of Finance, who has 

 special charge of the Bosnian administration, 

 had been asked to furnish returns on the sub- 

 ject. He replied that he was not in a position 

 to do so; it was only during the last quarter 

 of the past year that civil administration had 

 been introduced, and this was itself in a state 

 of transition. Only a few months previously, 

 the monopolies of tobacco and salt had been 

 introduced ; not even an approximate estimate 

 could yet be formed of the revenue which the 

 customs might yield ; and the tithe, which was 

 the main item of direct taxation, was only just 

 beginning to be paid in. The Minister, how- 

 ever, expressed a belief that the revenue and 

 expenditure would balance next year, as they 

 had done this year, and that no contribution 

 would be asked from the delegation. These 

 declarations seemed to cause an impression that 

 the Minister was not disposed to give any ex- 

 planation, and rather questioned the right of 

 the delegations to examine the financial admin- 

 istration of Bosnia. The Minister denied, how- 

 ever, that he had any such disposition, and 

 promised to give next year an estimate of the 

 revenues and expenditure of Bosnia, as far as 

 this could be done. 



The most notable feature in the foreign re- 

 lations of Austria is the maintenance and 

 confirmation of the entente cordials existing 

 between Austria and Germany. The Govern- 

 ments of both countries took frequent occasions 

 to express the most friendly sentiments toward 

 each other, and the majority of the German 

 Parliament and press warmly sympathized in 



