CHAMBERLAIN, JOSEPH. 



CHAPIN, EDWIN H. 



85 



In England, three acts were passed in 1880 

 for taking the census of the United Kingdom 

 in 1881. The first relates to Ireland (43 and 

 44 Victoria, cap. xxviii). Under the direction 

 of the Lord Lieutenant houses are to be vis- 

 ited on Monday, the 4th of April, and other 

 days, as appointed, and the population on the 

 premises on Sunday night, the 3d of April, 

 to be ascertained, and among the particulars to 

 be gathered is the "^religious profession " of 

 each inmate. There are penalties for with- 

 holding or giving false information, with a pro- 

 viso that no person shall be subject to such for- 

 feiture for refusing to state his religious pro- 

 fession. The provision is omitted in the other 

 statutes. The next act (cap. xxxvii) relates to 

 England, and the Local Government Board is 

 to superintend the taking of the census. There 

 are householder schedules to be left in the 

 course of the week ending Saturday, April 2d, 

 and to be collected on Monday, April 4th, with 

 particulars as to all persons who were on the 

 premises on Sunday night, April 3d, with pen- 

 alties for neglect or false answers. The act as 

 to Scotland is cap. xxxviii, and the Secretary of 

 State is to superintend the census, and penalties 

 are to be imposed for disobedience of the direc- 

 tions given as to householders' schedules. In 

 the United Kingdom the census is to be as to 

 persons on Sunday, the 3d of April next. The 

 census of England will be taken by the Regis- 

 trar-General, Sir Brydges P. Henniker, assisted 

 by Mr. William Olode and Dr. William Ogle, M. 

 D., and Mr. F. J. Williams will be the secretary. 

 The country will be mapped out into about 

 35,000 enumeration districts. 



In Germany the third census authorized by 

 the German Empire since its creation took place 

 on December 1, 1880. In accordance with the 

 recommendations of the St. Petersburg Statisti- 

 cal Congress referred to above, the process of 

 enumeration was begun and completed in a sin- 

 gle day, individual enumeration schedules hav- 

 ing been distributed in advance and filled up by 

 each adult inhabitant. The fulfillment of this 

 duty was insured by making the owner of each 

 dwelling, or his agent, responsible for compli- 

 ance with the law on the part of all its occu- 

 pants. The schedule had been arranged by a 

 conference of the heads of the Statistical Bu- 

 reaus of the German States. The German sys- 

 tem of recension is generally regarded by sta- 

 tisticians as the least liable to error, and to ex- 

 ceed in accuracy the results of any other system 

 except that of Switzerland. 



CENTRAL AMERICA. (See COSTA RIGA, 

 GUATEMALA, HONDURAS, NICARAGUA, and SAL- 

 VADOR.) 



CHAMBERLAIN, JOSEPH, President of the 

 Board of Trade in the new English Cabinet, is 

 the son of the late Mr. Joseph Chamberlain, of 

 Manor-green Hall, near Birmingham, and was 

 born in 1837. He was educated at University 

 College School, London. He is an alderman 

 and magistrate for Birmingham, chairman of 

 the Birmingham School Board, President of the 



School of Design, and chairman of the Nation- 

 al Educational League. Mr. Chamberlain has 

 been three times Mayor of Birmingham, in 1874, 

 1875, and 1876, and has represented Birming- 

 ham in Parliament since June, 1876, when he 

 was elected, unopposed, to the seat vacated by 

 Mr. George Dixon. In politics he is a Radi- 

 cal, and strongly supports the disestablishment 

 of the Church of England, and a system of 

 national compulsory secular education. In the 

 House of Commons he has chiefly attracted 

 attention by his advocacy of the Gothenburg 

 system of licensing places in which intoxicat- 

 ing liquors are sold. Soon after leaving school, 

 Mr. Chamberlain became one of the partners 

 of Nettlefold & Chamberlain, wood - screw 

 makers, at Birmingham, a firm of which his 

 father had been a member since 1854. He re- 

 tired from business in 1874, not long after the 

 death of his father. In the new Cabinet of 

 Mr. Gladstone, he, with Mr. Bright, represents 

 the Radical element. 



CHAPIN, Rev. EDWIN HUBBELL, Universalist 

 minister, was born at Union Village, Washing- 

 ton County, New York, in 1814. He was of a 

 New England family, and was educated in Ver- 

 mont. In 1837 he was ordained at Utica, and 

 took charge of a church first in Richmond, Vir- 

 ginia, and later at Charlestown, Massachusetts. 

 In 1846 he became associate pastor with Dr. 

 Ballon, of the Second Universalist Church of 

 Boston. While in Massachusetts he became 

 widely known as a lecturer on temperance, 

 abolition, universal peace, and other reforms 

 then in vogue. In 1849 he removed to New 

 York to be the pastor of the Fourth Univer- 

 salist Society, then occupying the edifice on 

 Murray Street, corner of Church. Under this 

 gifted preacher the congregation soon outgrew 

 the capacity of the building, and removed to 

 the corner of Broadway and Twentieth Street. 

 In 1852 they purchased the Gothic building on 

 Broadway, between Fourteenth and Fifteenth 

 Streets, erected by Dr. Bellows's church of All 

 Souls. Finally, in 1866, they built the pres- 

 ent edifice on Fifth Avenue, corner of Forty - 

 fifth Street. Dr. Chapin was not a learned 

 man, but he had the gift of vivacious extem- 

 poraneous speaking. He was not a believer 

 in creeds, but he preached a wise cbnduct in 

 life, and considered no topic, social or politi- 

 cal, as beyond the range of his pulpit themes. 

 The substance of these lectures has been pub- 

 lished under various titles: "Duties of Young 

 Men " ; " Duties of Young Women " ; " Moral 

 Aspects of City Life"; "Humanity in the 

 City " ; " Christianity the Perfection of True 

 Manliness"; "Discourses on the Book of 

 Proverbs " ; " Hours of Communion " ; "A 

 Token for the Sorrowing " ; and " The Crown 

 of Thorns," which last volume has had a wide 

 circulation. In 1872 he succeeded Dr. Emer- 

 son as editor of " The Christian Leader," the 

 organ of the Universalists. He received his 

 degrees of Doctor of Divinity and Master of 

 Arts from Harvard College. His name will 



