128 



COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES. 



The estimated cereal production of 1880 and 

 the estimated yield per acre, compared with 

 the crop of 1879, are as follows : 



The United States wheat-crop in 1878 ag- 

 gregated 420,122,400 bushels. Of the esti- 

 mated wheat-crop of 1880, the Agricultural 

 Department estimates that 275,000,000 bush- 

 els will be required for the home consump- 

 tion of food and seed, leaving an exportable 

 surplus of 205,000,000 bushels. The following 

 statement of the exportable surplus of the va- 

 rious wheat-growing regions of the globe pro- 

 ducing wheat in excess of the domestic require- 

 ments, and the deficiency to be supplied from 

 abroad in the importingcountries, was calculated 

 upon information received in Mark Lane, and 

 gives the estimated surplus crops or consump- 

 tive demand for foreign wheat in each country 

 in millions of bushels : Exporting countries 

 United States, 188; Canada, 8; Australia, 12; 

 Austro-Hnngary and Southeast Europe, 24 ; 

 Chili, 4 ; British India, 8 ; Egypt, 4 ; Algeria, 

 2; Russia, 16; total exporting countries, 266 

 million bushels. Importing countries United 

 Kingdom, 120; France, 14'66 ; Germany, 16; 

 Holland and Belgium, 16; Switzerland, 6; 



Spain and Portugal, 4; Central and South 

 America, 12; West Indies, 4; Cape Colony, 

 4; total quantity required by importing coun- 

 tries, 196-66 million bushels, leaving a surplus 

 to remain in the exporting countries beyond 

 their needs, or to be exported to replenish 

 stocks or form a surplus supply, of 69'34 mill- 

 ion bushels. 



The imports of wheat and flour from the 

 United States into Great Britain for the crop 

 year ending July 31, 1880, amounted, accord- 

 ing to the British Board of Trade returns, to 

 38,138,729 cwt. of wheat and 7,026,966 of 

 flour, equivalent together to 89,259,969 bush- 

 els of wheat; in addition to which about 

 7,500,000 bushels of American wheat were 

 imported through Canada, the aggregate con- 

 stituting about seventy per cent, of the total im- 

 portation into the United Kingdom for the year. 



The exports of wheat from the United States 

 for the last four fiscal years, flour included and 

 reduced to its equivalent in wheat, were report- 

 ed as follows: 74,750,682 bushels in 1875- 

 '76; 57,043,935 bushels in 1876-77; 92,138,236 

 bushels in 1877-'78; 147,687,649 bushels in 

 1878-79; 180,304,168 bushels in 1879-'80. 



The receipts and exports of grain of the five 

 principal Atlantic ports, includirg Montreal, 

 for the whole calendar year 1879, and eleven 

 months of the year 1880, flour and meal being 

 reduced to their equivalent in grain, with the 

 percentage of each port in the total receipts 

 and exports for the two years, are shown in 

 the annexed statement : 



Of the New York receipts, from January 1 

 to November 30, 1880, 69,440,901 bushels were 

 brought by rail, 3,982,751 by river and coast- 

 wise, and 87,704,237 by canal. Of the Mont- 

 real receipts, about 4,500,000 bushels came by 

 rail. The exports of the Pacific coast for the 

 latter half of 1880 were about 13,000,000 

 bushels. 



The receipts and exports of grain of all kinds 

 in bushels, and flour and meal reduced to bush- 

 els, of grain, from the port of New York for 

 each of the last four years, ending December 

 81, are given in the next column. 



The following statements give a compa 

 ew of the irrain movement at the W( 



)arative 



view of the grain movement at the Western 

 lake and river ports for the year 1880 and the 

 three years immediately preceding. The total 

 receipts at the Western shipping ports from 

 January 1st to December 25th, for four years, 

 were as follows : 



