206 



DENMARK. 



DENMARK, a kingdom of Northern Eu- 

 rope. The reigning sovereign is Christian IX, 

 fourth son of the late Duke William of Schles- 

 wig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gliicksburg, appoint- 

 ed to the succession of the Danish crown by 

 the Treaty of London of May 8, 1852, and by 

 the Danish law of succession of July 31, 1853. 

 He succeeded to the throne on the death of 

 King Frederick VIL, November 5, 1863. He 

 was married May 26, 1842, to Louise, Princess 

 of Hesse-Cassel. The heir-apparent is Prince 

 Frederick, born June 3, 1843, and married 

 July 28, 1869, to Louisa, only daughter of 

 King Charles XV of Sweden. Their children 

 are three sons, born in 1870, 1872, and 1876, 

 and three daughters, born in 1875, 1878, and 

 1880. The second son of the King is King of 

 Greece. The oldest daughter, Alexandra, is 

 wife of the Prince of Wales ; the second, Dag- 

 mar, wife of the Czarevitch ; the third, Thyra, 

 wife of the Duke of Cumberland, who is the 

 claimant to the throne of Hanover. 



The King has a civil list of 500,000 rigsdalers, 

 and the heir -apparent of 60,000 rigsdalers. 



The Ministry of 1879 continued in office 

 throughout the year, with the exception of the 

 Minister of Worship and Public Instruction, 

 in whose place J. F. Scavenius was appointed 

 on August 24, 1880. 



The area of Denmark proper, inclusive of 

 the lakes, is according to a new measurement * 

 38,302 square kilometres (1 square kilometre= 

 0*386 square mile); population, according to 

 the census of 1880, 1,969,454. The area and 

 population of the dependencies were reported 

 in 1880 as follows : 



TERRITORIES. 



Faroes 



Iceland (habitable only 42,068 sqt 



kilometres) 



Greenland (Danish part) 



West India Islands... 



Total. 



Area in square 

 kilometres. 



1,833 



102,4T1 

 88,100 

 358.9 



192,262.9 



Population. 



72.000 

 9,531 

 37,600 



130,352 



Area of the entire kingdom, 230,565 square 

 kilometres, with a population of 2,099,800. 



The annual financial accounts, called stats- 

 regmkab, for the years 1877-'78 and 1878 

 -'79 (the financial year closes on March 31st), 

 were as follows (in 'crowns 1 crown = 27 

 cents) : 



1877-'78.. 

 1878-' I 79.. 



46,95(5,231 

 46,065,263 



Expendit 



43.830,407 

 42,113,656 



In the budget estimates for the financial year 

 ending March 31, 1881, the revenue was esti- 

 mated at 47,246,558 crowns, the expenditure 

 at 41,672,448 crowns, and the probable surplus 

 at 5,574,110 crowns. The chief sources of rev- 

 enue and expenditure were as follows : 



* See Behm und Wagner, " BevOlkerung der Erdo," vi 

 (Gotha, 1880), p. 12. 



REVENUE. 



Crowni. 



1. Domain,net 881,385 



Forests, net 451,556 



2. State property 3,868,185 



8. Direct taxes 9,064,100 



4. Indirect taxes 29,357.000 



5. Postal and telegraph department 158,579 



ti. Surplus of lottery 800,000 



7. Kevenue from the Faroes 50,841 



Revenue from the Danish West Indies. 12,500 



8. Miscellaneous receipts 1,149,727 



9. .Reimbursements 1,537,590 



Total 47,331,463 



Excess of cost of the posts and tele- 

 graphs over receipts 84,905 



Net receipts 47,246,558 



EXPENDITURES. 



Crowns. 



Civil list 1,000,000 



Appanages 422,384 



Rigsdag 200,000 



Council of State 106,616 



Public debt 7,351,000 



Pensions, civil 2,613,280 



military 638,433 



Ministry of Foreign Affairs 377,979 



of Worship and Public Instruction 978,372 



of Justice 2,465,368 



of the Interior 1.650,212 



of War 8,737,139 



of the Navy 5,125,704 



of Finance 2,920,174 



Administration of Iceland 109,600 



Extraordinary expenditure 3,190,729 



Public works 3,221,738 



Advances 513,720 



Total 41,672,448 



Surplus 5,574,110 



The national debt of Denmark has been in 

 the course of redaction since 1866, and from 

 1876 to 1879 was as follows: 



Internal debt.. 

 Foreign debt.. 



Total 



State property . 



Debt proper. 



1876. 



1878. | 1879. 



159,655,045 153.959.192 158,974,096 159,382.773 

 22,118,200: 17,2S9,250j 15,449,650: 15,376,650 



181,773,245 176,248. 442 '174,423,746 174,759,423 

 88,372,635, 86,218,569 89.949,359 96,056,278 



93,400,560! 90,029,873 



84,474,887; 78,703,145 



The total strength of the Danish army in 

 1880 was as follows: 



REGULAR ARMY. 



Infantry 



Cavalry 



Artillery ! 175 



Engineers 61 



Total... . 1,176 



Rank and 

 file. 



26,992 



2,180 



4,755 



624 



34,551 



ARMY OF RESERVE. 



245 



'4s 



293 



Rank and 

 file. 



10,925 

 ' 2,668 



12,993 



The staff of the army was composed of 25 

 commissioned and 16 non-commissioned offi- 

 cers. 



The navy in 1880 consisted of 33 steamers, 

 of which 8 were armor-clad ships, and the rest 

 unarmored vessels, mostly of small size. The 

 navy is recruited by conscription from the coast 

 population. 



The movement of shipping during the year 

 1878 was as follows: 



