222 DU MOTAY, CYPRIEN T. 



EARTH, THE. 



Prince Edward Island advanced a claim for 

 $1,250,000 as its share in the fisheries award, 

 basing it upon the relative importance of its 

 mackerel-fisheries, and pleading that it was a 

 separate party to the Washington Treaty, and 

 that it did not abandon its right to a separate 

 share by entering the Confederation. This 

 claim was refused by the Privy Council. 



Newfoundland is the only part of British 

 North America not now under the Dominion 

 Government. The revenue of the colony in 

 1879 was $962,921, of which a surplus remained 

 of $14,648. The deposits in the savings-bank 

 at the beginning of 1880 were $1,134,505, hav- 

 ing nearly doubled in ten years. The profits 

 of this institution go into a reserve fund for 

 discharging the debt of the colony. A general 

 duty of 15 per cent, has been imposed upon im- 

 ports. 



DU MOTAY, CYPKIEN TESSIE, was born in 

 1815, of an old Breton family. His education 

 was received at Nantes. His opinions were 

 molded by the celebrated De Lamennais, who 

 was on intimate terms with his friends in 

 Brittany. Du Motay's academic course com- 

 pleted, he went to Paris and devoted himself 

 to literature. His poems gained him admis- 

 sion to the salon of Madame Recamier. He 

 was thrown into association with Alfred de 

 Musset, Chateaubriand, Victor Hugo, Dumas, 



and other writers of that day. Financial 

 troubles induced him to leave Paris for Ger- 

 many. His attention was turned to science, 

 chiefly to industrial chemistry and metallurgy. 

 He secured patents for several inventions still 

 in use. One for bleaching and dyeing fabrics 

 was purchased by an English manufacturer for 

 sixty thousand francs. He returned to Paris 

 and became consulting chemist in a large labo- 

 ratory. He opposed Napoleon III and the 

 restoration of the Empire, and was exiled. 

 Reduced to the greatest straits, he offered 

 a London apothecary a simple process for 

 bleaching wax, for which he received 2,000. 

 Enabled to resume work, he invented a method 

 of producing light by oxygen gas. The Em- 

 peror, then established on the throne, and in- 

 tent upon embellishing Paris, recalled the in- 

 ventor and granted him not only amnesty but 

 a decoration. The outbreak of the Franco- 

 Prussian War prevented the practical inaugu- 

 ration of his new lights in Paris. Du Motay, 

 under the standard of the Geneva Cross, had 

 charge of an ambulance. After the war he 

 settled in New York. He was the consulting 

 engineer and chemist of the Municipal Gas 

 Company. He suffered from a disorder super- 

 induced by his devotion to scientific pursuits. 

 On the 6th of June he died in that city, of apo- 

 plexy, at the age of sixty-five. 



E 



EARTH, THE. Comparative Statistics. WG 

 present below, as in some former volumes of the 

 "Annual Cyclopedia" (1875, 1876, 1877, 1878), 

 comparative statistics of area and population, 

 as well as of some other subjects : 



I. AREA AND POPULATION. Of Behm and 

 Wagner's well-known publication, " Die Bevol- 

 kerung der Erde," the sixth volume was issued 

 in 1880. This periodical has now come to be 

 universally recognized as the great fountain 

 from which all other statistical works are sup- 

 plied, so far as relates to the area and popula- 

 tion of all parts of the globe. In the following 

 table we reproduce the estimates of the area 

 of the large divisions of land as given by the 

 learned editors, to which we add, for the sake 

 of convenience, the equivalent in English square 

 miles : 



The figure now given exceeds that of the fifth 

 volume of the " Bevolkerung der Erde " by 1,- 



594,601 square kilometres, or 615,704 square 

 miles. The increase is owing to the new dis- 

 coveries of land which have been made in the 

 polar regions. 



The following table, giving the estimated 

 population of the large continents, likewise re- 

 produces the figures given by Behm and Wag- 

 ner, except in the case of America, which they 

 credit with 95,495,500 inhabitants. To this 

 figure we have added 3,000,000, as Behm and 

 Wagner estimate the population of the United 

 States at only 47,000,000, whereas a preliminary 

 statement of the census of 1880 gives more than 

 50,000,000 : 



Europe.... . 318,434.000 



Asia 834,707,000 



Africa 205.679.000 



America 98,495,500 



Australia and Polynesia 4,031,000 



Polar regions 82,000 



1,461,428,500 



The estimates made by Behm and Wagner, 

 in their former volumes, of the population of 

 the earth,* were as follows : 



Year. Population. 



1872 1 ,377,000,000 



1873 1 ,391,000.000 



1875 1,397,000,000 



1876 1,424,000,000 



1877 1,426,000,000 



1878 1,439,000,000 



* For an account of former estimates of the total popula- 

 tion of the earth, beginning- with Isaac Vossius, see " Annual 

 Cyclopaedia " for 1875, article EAKTH. 





