FKANCE. 



279 



Artillery : 



312 field batteries of the active army. j 124 nnn 



57 mounted batteries " ' ' \ " 

 83 field batteries of the territorial army 56,000 



407 batteries with 2,442 cannon 180,000 



Engineers : 



Active army 26,000 



Territorial 'army 19,000 



Total engineers 



Pontoniers, active army . 



45,000 



5,000 



This gives a total of 1,031,300 men for the 

 active army, and 535,850 for the territorial 

 army; in all, 1,567,150 men. For the train, 

 the administration, and the sanitary troops, 

 there would still be necessary 155,000 men for 

 the active and 58,150 for the territorial army; 

 which would give the following result: Active 

 army, 1,186,300; Territorial army, 594,000; 

 total, 1,780,300. Notwithstanding the loss of 

 Alsace-Lorraine, resulting in a decrease of pop- 



ulation of more than a million and a half, the 

 expenditure for the army has largely increased 

 since the war with Germany. The rise is 

 mainly due to the increase in the numbers of 

 the army under the new organization. 



The navy on January 1, 1879, comprised 

 258 vessels. Of these 66 were ironclads, 156 

 steamers (44 cruisers, 29 transport- vessels, 40 

 dispatch-boats, 36 gunboats, 7 torpedo-boats), 

 and 36 sailing-vessels. 



The foreign trade of France is officially di- 

 vided into ''commerce general," which com- 

 prises the entire imports and exports, includ- 

 ing goods in transit, and "commerce special," 

 which embraces the imports consumed arid the 

 exports produced within the country. The 

 following table exhibits the movements of 

 French commerce from 1859 to 1879 (value 

 expressed in francs) : 



The countries chiefly interested in the trade 

 with France during the year 1878 are exhib- 

 ited in the following table (value expressed in 

 francs) : 



The principal articles of import and export 

 1 1879 were as follows (in francs) : 



of kilometres in operation on January 1, 1880, 

 was as follows : 



Main lines . 22,761 



Local lines 2,158 



Total 24,919 



The number of kilometres in the course of 

 construction, on the same date, was 5,153, of 

 which 2,178 were built by companies, and 

 2,975 by the Government. 



The statistics of telegraphs are as follows : 



Length of lines in 1879, kilometres . . . 59,500 



Length of wires in 1879 471,500 



Stations in 1879 4,965 



Total dispatches in 1878 14,414,457 



Eevenue 21.172,250 francs. 



Expenditure 20,890,400 " 



An official inquiry into the production and 

 consumption of sugar was instituted by the 

 Government with a view of modifying the high 

 duties upon sugar. The following table gives 

 the particulars of the production and consump- 

 tion in kilogrammes during the last ten years : 



The railroads of France are either main lines, 

 which serve the general interest, or local lines. 

 The former partly belong to the state Govern- 

 ment, and partly to private companies. The 

 latter will be assumed by the Government at 

 the expiration of their charters. The number 



The consumption has by no means kept pace 

 with the increase of production a fact which 



