312 



GERMANY. 



the former slaveholding aristocracy, and look 

 forward to the buildiog up of a prosperous 

 South under the new conditions, seeking na- 

 tional and local advancement hand in hand 

 with the other States, and fostering a general 

 and superior education, such as that of New 

 England, which gives its ideas their present 

 ascendancy. The negroes must be assured ab- 

 solute civil and political equality, while social 

 equality must be left, as it is elsewhere, to itself. 

 GERMANY, an empire in Europe, reestab- 

 lished January 18, 1871. The Emperor, Wil- 

 liam I, was born March 22, 1797, and was mar- 

 ried June 11, 1829, to Augusta, daughter of 

 the Grand Duke Charles Frederick of Saxe- 

 Weimar. The heir-apparent, Frederick Wil- 

 liam, born October 18, 1831, has the official 

 titles of Crown Prince of the German Empire 

 and Crown Prince of Prussia. He was mar- 

 ried January 25, 1858, to Victoria, Princess 

 Royal of Great Britain and Ireland, born No- 

 vember 21, 1840, and has six children, viz. : 

 William, born 1859, married on February 27, 



1881, to Augusta Victoria, Princess of Schles- 

 wig-Holstein, born 1858; Henry, born 1862; 

 Charlotte, born I860, married in 1878 to Bern- 

 hard, hereditary prince of Saxe-Weimar; Vic- 

 toria, born 1866 ; Sophia, born 1870 ; and Mar- 

 garetta, born 1872. One son, Waldemar, born 

 in 1868, died March 27, 1879. Imperial Chan- 

 cellor (Reichskanzler), Otto, Prince von Bis- 

 marck-Schonhausen. 



The German Empire consists at present of 

 twenty-six states, of which four are kingdoms, 

 six grand duchies, five duchies, seven princi- 

 palities, three free cities, and one, Alsace-Lor- 

 raine, an imperial province (Reichsland). The 

 area of the German Empire in 1880 was 540,- 

 477 square kilometres, or 208,687 English 

 square miles. The following table exhibits all 

 the states of the German Empire, the area, the 

 population according to the census of 1875, the 

 number of representatives of every German 

 state in the Federal Council, and the number 

 of deputies who represent each state in the 

 Reichstag : 



The Constitution of the Empire bears date 

 April 16, 1871. By its terms all the states of 

 Germany " form an eternal union for the pro- 

 tection of the realm and the care of the wel- 

 fare of the German people." 



The Statistical Bureau of the empire official- 

 ly estimated the population of the empire for 

 1876 at 43,073,087, 1877 at 43,657,387, 1878 at 

 44,210,948. A new census was taken through- 

 out the empire on December 1, 1880. Accord- 

 ing to a preliminary statement of the result, 

 published in March, 1881, the population of 

 the empire amounted in 1880 to 45,194,172. 

 The following table exhibits all the cities of 

 the empire which, according co the new census, 

 have more than 100,000 inhabitants, and com- 

 pares their present population with that of 

 1875: 



The following table shows the growth of the 

 population of the German Empire within its 

 present limits since 1816 : 



