GERMANY. 



313 



The total number of electors inscribed on 

 the lists at the general election of 1878 was 

 9,124,311, while the number of actual voters 

 was 5,834,843 at the same election. 



The following table gives a full exhibit of 

 the governments of the particular states, includ- 

 ing the names and titles of all the sovereign 

 princes, their years of birth and accession to the 

 thrones, and the names of the heirs-apparent : 



It will be seen from the above table that the 

 ducal line of Brunswick is likely to become 

 extinct by the death of the reigning Duke. 

 The succession is disputed by the Duke of 

 Cumberland (son of the late King of Hanover) 

 and the Emperor of Germany. It is also in- 

 teresting to notice that the heir-apparent is the 

 son of the reigning sovereign in only thirteen 

 of the twenty-two sovereign houses which be- 

 long to the German Empire. 



The legislative functions of the empire are 

 vested in the Bundesrath or Federal Council, 

 and the Reichstag or Diet of the Empire. The 

 Bundesrath represents the individual states of 

 Germany, and the Emperor must have its con- 

 sent to declare war which is not merely defen- 

 sive. The members of the Bundesrath are ap- 

 pointed by the Governments of the individual 

 states for each session. Both the Bundestag 

 and the Reichstag meet in annual session con- 

 voked by the Emperor. The Emperor has the 

 right to prorogue and dissolve the Reichstag, 

 but the prorogation must not exceed sixty 

 days ; while in case of dissolution new elec- 

 tions take place within sixty days, and a new 

 session opens within ninety days. The Bundes- 

 rath is presided over by the Chancellor of the 

 Empire, and the President of the Reichstag is 

 elected by the deputies. 



Emigration from the ports of Bremen and 

 Hamburg since 1832 has been as follows: 



The movement of population in 1878 was as 

 follows : 



Germany has twenty universities, of which 

 nine are in Prussia, three in Bavaria, two in 

 Baden, and one each in Wurtemberg, Hesse, 

 Saxony, Saxe-Weimar, Mecklenburg, and Al- 

 sace-Lorraine. The number of professors and 



