314 



GERMANY. 



of students in the German universities in 1871 

 were as follows : 



Sometimes the academies of Minister and 

 Braunsberg, containing each the two faculties 

 of Catholic Theology and Philosophy, are count- 

 ed among the German universities. In 1880 

 Minister had 32 professors and 253 students. 

 At the following universities outside of the 

 German Empire the German language is ex- 

 clusively or predominantly used, and in the 

 province of literature they may be counted as 

 German universities : 



The budget of the German Empire for 1880 

 -'81 estimates the revenue and expenditure at 

 539,252,640 marks each (1 mark = 23-8 cents). 

 The revenue was derived from the following 

 sources : 



1. Customs and excises of consumption ........ 



2. Stamps on playing-cards .................... 



8. Stamp- duty on bills of exchange 



d 



Marks. 

 307,196,470 

 1,139,000 

 6,276,200 

 300,000 



4. Statistical dues 



5. Administration of postal affairs and telegraphs 16.649,045 



6. Administration of railroads ................. 10,367,400 



7. Administration of the imperial printing-office 953.340 



8. Imperial Bank and other receipts ............ 1,506,000 



9. Eeceipts of various descriptions ............. 6,692.487 



10. From the imperial funds for invalids ......... 32.098,512 



11. Surplus of former years ..................... 16,668,286 



12. Interest from invested capitals .............. 4,759,635 



13. Extraordinary receipts ..................... 52,975,315 



14. Matricular contributions .................... 81,670,950 



Total. 



539,252,640 



The expenditures of the empire were esti- 

 mated as follows : 



* In 1878. 



The public debt of the German Empire con- 

 sists of three loans, one of 77,731,321 marks 

 (authorized by the law of June 14, 1877), one 

 of 97,484,865 marks (law of June 14, 1878), 

 and one of 68,021,071 marks (law of June 13, 

 1879). Total debt, 243,237,257 marks = $57,- 

 900,467. There is also a floating debt consist- 

 ing of Treasury notes issued for short periods 

 only. In accordance with the law of April 20, 

 1874, the Imperial Government has issued paper 

 money (Reichscassenscheine) to the amount of 

 120,000,000 marks, which has been distributed 

 among the several states in proportion to their 

 population on December 31, 1871. The same 

 law authorized the issue of paper money to the 

 amount of 54,889,940 marks to facilitate the 

 carrying out of the reform in the coinage. Of 

 this amount, 54,082,140 marks had been issued 

 on April 1, 1880, and 14,637,280 had been 

 withdrawn, leaving the paper money in circu- 

 lation on that date 159,444,820 marks. 



The following table gives the military forces 

 of the empire in time of war (exclusive of the 

 Landsturm) : 



I. FIELD ARMY. 



II. EESEEVES. 





