GERMANY. 



315 



III. GABRISON. 



The military forces of the empire in time of 

 peace are as follows : ' 



The commercial navy was composed as fol- 

 lows in 1879 : 



These numbers are 

 states as follows: 



distributed among the 



According to a law passed on May 6, 1880, 

 the army on a peace footing, exclusive of offi- 

 cers and volunteers, shall consist of 427,274 

 men. Since the Franco-German war the for- 

 tress system of Germany has been entirely re- 

 modeled, and a number of old fortified places 

 deemed useless have been abolished, and many 

 new ones erected, and others enlarged. The 

 Empire is at presen divided into the follow- 

 ing nine "fortress-districts" (Festungs-Inspec- 

 tionen), each including a certain area with for- 

 tified places : Konigsberg, Dantzic, Posen, Ber- 

 lin, Mayence, Metz, Cologne, Altona, Munich. 

 In 1880, the Empire had 17 fortified places of 

 the first class, serving as fortified camps, and 

 26 other fortresess. "Works for enlarging six 

 of the fortresses were in hand. 



The German navy was composed as follows 

 in 1879 : 



* Including Ministry of War, offices of commanding gen- 

 erals, etc. 



The movements of shipping in the German 

 ports in 1878 were as follows: 



The German Customs Union includes the 

 entire German Empire, with the exception of 

 the free ports of Bremen, Hamburg, Bremer- 



