350 HALDEMAN, SAMUEL S. 



HANCOCK, WINFIELD S. 



This last item indicates an average rate of 

 duty of over 50 per cent., the distribution of 

 which is exhibited in the following schedule 

 of the different articles imported, together with 

 the values of these: 



On June 18, 1880, was opened to traffic the 

 branch of the Guatemala Central Railway ex- 

 tending from the Pacific port of San Jose to 



Escuintla, the occasion having been solemnized 

 in due form, and celebrated with brilliant fetes, 

 attended by the Presidents of Guatemala, Hon- 

 duras, and Salvador. It is confidently stated 

 that the line will be completed to the capital 

 at an early day. 



Education continues to be the object of sedu- 

 lous attention on the part of President Barrios, 

 who has brought the system of public schools 

 to its present prosperous condition. The 

 amount expended on public instruction in 1879 

 was $800,000, against $1,440 in 1871! Edu- 

 cation is compulsory, and parents or guardians 

 not providing for the mental culture of their 

 children in private schools, or by private tui- 

 tion, are required to send them to the public 

 schools. There are at present eighteen graded 

 primary schools in the capital. Active meas- 

 ures are being taken for the education of the 

 Indian population. 



H 



HALDEMAN, SAMUEL S., naturalist and 

 philologist, was born of Dutch ancestry near 

 Columbia, Pennsylvania, in 1812. He was 

 educated at Dickinson College, Carlisle, devot- 

 ing himself chiefly to the scientific course. In 

 1836 he was assistant to the geological survey 

 of New Jersey; in 1837 to that of Pennsylva- 

 nia. In the course of this year he discovered 

 the Scolithus linearis, the earliest fossil then 

 found. In 1851 he was Professor of Natural 

 History in the University of Pennsylvania, and, 

 later, Professor of Comparative Philology. 

 At different times he held professorships in 

 Delaware College and in the Agricultural Col- 

 lege of that State. He wrote essays for the 

 American Association for the Advancement of 

 Science, American Philosophical Society, and 

 other societies, including the Philological Asso- 

 ciation, of which he was a founder and Presi- 

 dent. He was a contributor to "Silliman's 

 Journal," the " Literary World," the " Icono- 

 graphic Cyclopaedia," and "Johnson's Cyclo- 

 pasdia," of which he was associate editor. He 

 wrote the zoological portion of Trego's " Ge- 

 ography of Pennsylvania" (1843), and Rupp's 

 " History of Lancaster County " (1844). He 

 was an advocate of spelling reform, and, besides 

 several manuals of orthography, orthoepy, and 

 etymology, he gained in 1858, over eighteen 

 competitors, the Trevelyan prize, by a treatise 

 on "Analytical Orthography." He made ex- 

 tensive researches into Indian antiquities and 

 " Pennsylvania Dutch." He published in 1849 

 " Some Points in Linguistic Ethnology," deal- 

 ing with Indian dialects, and, in 1856, "Rela- 

 tions of the English and Chinese Languages." 

 Besides these, he was the author of " Fresh 

 Water Univalve Mollusc," the "Zoology of 

 Invertebrate Animals " (1850), and other works 

 of scientific value. He died near Columbia, 



Pennsylvania, September 10th, at the age 

 sixty -eight. 



HANCOCK, WINFIELD SCOTT, an American 

 soldier, was born February 14, 1824, in Mont- 

 gomery Square, a small village in Montgomery 

 County, Pennsylvania. His grandfather, Rich- 

 ard Hancock, of Scottish birth, was one of the 

 2,500 impressed American seamen of the War 

 of 1812, who were incarcerated in the Dart- 

 moor Prison in England. His father, Benjamin 

 Franklin Hancock, was born in Philadelphia, 

 and when quite a young man was thrown upon 

 his own resources for a livelihood, having dis- 

 pleased his guardian by not marrying in the 

 Society of Friends. He married the daughter of 

 a Revolutionary soldier, Elizabeth Hayworth, 

 whose ancestry was English and Welsh. He 

 supported himself and wife by teaching, while 

 studying law ; was admitted to the bar in 1828, 

 and removed to Norristown, where he practiced 

 his profession forty years, earning the repu- 

 tation of a well-read, judicious, and successful 

 lawyer. 



Winfield S. Hancock and his brother Hilary 

 B. had the combined advantages of home in- 

 struction and a course in the Norristown 

 Academy and the public high -school, which 

 afforded the educational facilities of the bet- 

 ter class of academies of that day. He early 

 evinced a decided taste for military exercises. 

 At the age of sixteen he entered the Military 

 Academy at West Point, having obtained his 

 cadetship through the unsolicited influence of 

 his father's friend, John B. Sterigere, who rep- 

 resented his district in Congress. Among his 

 contemporaries as cadets in the Academy were 

 Grant, McCIellan, Reynolds, Buell, Franklin, 

 Rosecrans, and Lyon, who afterward became 

 distinguished generals in the Union army, and 

 Longstreet, Picket, and " Stonewall " Jackson, 



