370 



HUNGARY. 



Molars 5,680,000 



Germans 1,800,000 



Slavs, divided into 



Slovack s. Czechs, and Moravians 2,000,000 



Kuthenians 600,000 



Croats and Servians 2,570,000 



Slovens 60,000 



Bulgarians 30,000 



Total Slavs 5,260,000 



Roumanians 2,800,000 



Italians 8,000 



Israelites 580,000 



Gypsies 159,000 



Others , 15,200 



Total 16,297,200 



It will be seen that the Magyars, the pre- 

 dominant race, number only a little more than 

 one third of the entire population. They are 

 displaying, however, a marvelous energy in 

 extending the prevalence of their tongue, and 

 toward elevating it to the position of the only 

 official language of the kingdom. This is espe- 

 cially the case in the Department of Public In- 

 struction. The Minister of Public Instruction, 

 in a speech made in the Hungarian Diet, on 

 November 27th, declared that during the eight 

 y.ears of his official position he had done more 

 for Hungarian culture and science than any of 

 his predecessors. It is admitted by all parties 

 in Hungary that this claim is undoubtedly true 

 with regard to the Magyar schools. Their 

 number is rapidly increasing, at the expense of 

 the schools of other nationalities, especially of 

 the German. According to the official report 

 of the Minister of Public Instruction, for 1879, 

 there were in that year, among the 1,644,803 

 pupils of public schools, 794,915 Magyars, 271,- 

 513 Germans, 205,374 Roumanians, 263,624 Slo- 

 vacks, 36,716 Servians, 27,070 Croats, and 45, 591 

 Ruthenians. Among 15,715 national schools, 

 there were 7,179 Magyar, 953 German, 2,848 

 Roumanian, 1,837 Slovack, 260 Servian, 66 

 Croatian, 471 Ruthenian, and 2,083 were mixed. 

 Thus, there was one Magyar school for every 

 110 pupils of that nationality, one Roumanian 

 for every 80, one Servian for every 140, one 

 Slovackian for every 150, and one German 

 for every 300. The Germans complain that 

 the Minister of Public Instruction avails him- 

 self of every opportunity to suppress the Ger- 

 man national schools, and substitute Magyar 

 schools for them. They also complain that in 

 many cities acts of great violence were com- 

 mitted against their nationality. Thus in Pesth 

 and other places the municipal councils refused 

 to authorize the opening of a German theatre. 

 In the Servian and Roumanian districts the 

 Government endeavored to put at the he.-id of 

 the Greek Church, to which these classes of 

 the population chiefly belong, men devoted to 

 the Magyar tendencies, and thereby called forth 

 a violent agitation in the Greek Church. (See 

 GREEK CHDRCH.) 



A new compromise (Ausgleich) was brought 

 about in 1880 between the former kingdom 

 of Croatia and the Government of Hungary. 

 When the reconciliation between the Imperial 

 Government of Austria and the Magyars was 



effected in 1867, Croatia, inclusive of Slavonia, 

 was made part of the lands of the Hungarian 

 crown. It is, accordingly, represented in both 

 Houses of the Hungarian Diet. It has, how- 

 ever, a special provincial Diet which has con- 

 trol of all matters relating to the Departments 

 of the Interior, of Worship and Instruction, 

 and of Justice. At the head of the provincial 

 administration is a "Ban," who is appointed 

 by the Government of Hungary. The Croa- 

 tian Diet consists of the Catholic Archbishop 

 and the Bishop of the Greek Oriental Church, 

 the Provost of Aurana, eight Obergespanns 

 (chief magistrates of counties), the Comes of 

 Turofolje, two counts, and 77 deputies, elected 

 partly directly arid partly indirectly. Fully 97 

 per cent, of the population are Croatian? and 

 Servians, who really belong to the same nation- 

 ality, being only distinguished by religion, the 

 Croatians belonging to the Catholic and the Ser- 

 vians to the Greek Church, and by the use of dif- 

 ferent alphabets in writing. The financial rela- 

 tions between Croatia and the Hungarian Mon- 

 archy were regulated by a compromise in 1868, 

 which was to be renewed in 1879. As the two 

 deputations were, however, unable to agree, the 

 old compromise was prolonged for one year. 

 Before the negotiations concerning anew com- 

 promise were resumed, the Hungarian Gov- 

 ernment caused the appointment of a new 

 "Ban," Count Pejacsevich, who was consid- 

 ered as being entirely devoted to the Magyar 

 interest. The new "Ban" succeeded, indeed, 

 in obtaining in August the consent of the Croa- 

 tian Diet to this compromise, which was adopt- 

 ed by the large majority of 65 against 13. In 

 November it was also adopted by the Hungari- 

 an Diet. Although Count Pejacsevich is a de- 

 voted adherent to the Hungarian Government, 

 he found it necessary to make important con- 

 cessions to the Croatian nationalists. He offi- 

 cially stated in a speech made to the Croatian 

 Diet that all attempts to Magyarize the country 

 should be resisted, and that he would make 

 the greatest efforts to have the former Military 

 Frontier, which the Hungarian Government 

 wishes to place under the direct administration 

 of Hungary, incorporated with Croatia. The 

 Military Frontier had, at the time of its great- 

 est extent, before the union of some districts 

 with Hungary had begun, a population of over 

 1,000,000 inhabitants, of whom more than 78 

 per cent, were Croatians and Servians, and 

 15 per cent. Roumanians. A union of these 

 people with Croatia would, of course, greatly 

 strengthen the nationality feeling of the Croato- 

 Servians. The outspoken nationalists in Croa- 

 tia are, however, not satisfied with the demand 

 for the incorporation of the Military Frontier, 

 but clamor for the reconstruction of the so- 

 called "Triune" kingdom, consisting of Croa- 

 tia, Slavonia, and Dalmatia, with the further 

 annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In Dal- 

 matia, which no w forms part of Cisleithania, the 

 Croato- Servians constitute fully 87 per cent, of 

 the inhabitants, while in Bosnia and Herzegovina 



