406 



ITALY. 



ing them to be on their guard against outrages 

 by night-patrols. 



ITALY,* a kingdom of Southern Europe. 

 King in 1878, Humbert I, born March 14, 1844. 

 He succeeded his father, Victor Emanuel II, 

 January 9, 1878, and married, April 22, 1868, 

 Margaretha, daughter of Prince Ferdinand of 

 Savoy, Duke of Genoa. Heir apparent, Victor 

 Ernanuel, Prince of Naples, born November 11, 

 1869. 



The area of Italy is 296,322-91 square kilo- 

 metres, or 114,415 square miles. The following 

 table gives the area of the larger territorial 

 divisions (compartimenti), with the population 

 at the close of 1878, according to an official 

 calculation : 



Of the total population, 8,777,131 lived in 

 towns, and 19,432,489 in the country. 



According to the census of 1871, Italy had 

 26,628,679 Roman Catholics, 58,651 Protes- 

 tants, 35,356 Israelites, and 48,468 others (not 

 belonging to any of these three denominations). 



The number of emigrants in 1878 was 96,- 

 268 ; in 1879, 1 19,831. Of the latter, the largest 

 number, 39,713, went to France, 18,617 to Aus- 

 tro-Hungary, 10,401 to Switzerland, 12,989 to 

 Brazil, Venezuela, Mexico, and Central Ameri- 

 ca, 3,208 to the United States and Canada, and 

 the remainder to other countries. Considering 

 that emigration has assumed extraordinary pro- 

 portions, the Government early in 1880 issued 

 a special circular to the prefects, recommending 

 stronger measures against emigration than they 

 have hitherto had recourse to. 



The number of Italians living in foreign 

 countries was estimated in 1871 at about 477,- 

 000, of whom 118,496 lived in France, 26,889 

 in Austro-Hungary, 17,980 in Switzerland, 50,- 

 031 in other states of Europe, 44,360 in the 

 Levant and Northern Africa, 147,547 in South 

 and Central America (Argentine Republic about 

 88,000, Uruguay 32,000), 70,000 in the United 

 States, about 1,100 in Asia and Australia. 



The following cities had, according to the 

 latest information, more than 90,000 inhab- 

 itants in 1880 : 



* See ".Annual Cyclopaedia" for 1879, for latest statistics on 

 movement of population, commercial value of imports and 

 exports. 



t One square kilometre = 0-386 square mile. 



The Italian Ministry consisted, at the close 

 of 1880, of the following members: B. Cairoli, 

 President of the Council and Minister of For- 

 eign Affairs; A. Depretis, Minister of the In- 

 terior; E. de Sanctis, Minister of Public In- 

 struction ; A. Magliani, Minister of Finance 

 and of the Treasury ; Major-General B. Milon, 

 Minister of War; F. Acton, Minister of the 

 Navy ; T. Villa, Minister of Grace, Justice, and 

 Worship; A. Baccarini, Minister of Public 

 Works ; L. Micelli, Minister of Agriculture and 

 Commerce. The only new member of the Min- 

 istry is General Milon, who succeeded General 

 Bonelli as Minister of War in July. General 

 Milon is a Neapolitan, and commenced his ca- 

 reer in the army of the Two Sicilies. On its 

 fusion with the Italian army after 1860, being 

 then a colonel, he distinguished himself greatly 

 in the suppression of brigandage in Calabria. 

 After his promotion to the rank of major-gen- 

 eral, he became second in command of the 

 Staff Corps. He has hitherto taken no part 

 in political or parliamentary life. 



The official statistics of Italian education for 

 the academical year 1878-'9 show that there 

 were 278 institutions for secondary education 

 in the peninsula. Of these, 105 were lyceums 

 and 173 gymnasiums. Of the lyceums, 83 be- 

 longing to the state had 5,775 scholars, while 

 there were 775 in 22 private lyceums; 109 

 state gymnasiums had 11,603 pupils, and 64 

 private gymnasiums had 5,251 pupils. The en- 

 tire number of pupils receiving secondary in- 

 struction was. therefore, 23,404. There were 

 also in Italy 164 technical schools and 63 tech- 

 nical institutes, having altogether 21,403 pu- 

 pils. 



The actual receipts and disbursements of the 

 kingdom from 1875 to 1878 were as follows 

 (in lire 1 lira=19'3 cents): 



In the budget for 1880, the revenue and the 

 expenditures were estimated as follows: 



REVENUE. Lire. 



Ordinary 1,278,457,162 



Extraordinary 185,534,885 



Total 1,413,991,647 



