LITERATURE, AMERICAN, IN 1880. 



459 



voted to research in the Bible lands, edited by 

 Rev. Stephen D. Peet (Chicago, Jameson & 

 Morse). The Rev. E. 0. Bissell, D. D., is the 

 editor of an edition of the "Apocrypha of the 

 Old Testament," which forms a supplementary 

 volume to Lange's "Commentary." of which 

 the publication has been completed (New York, 

 Scribners). The " Longer Epistles of Paul " 

 is a valuable exegetical work by the Rev. 

 Henry Cowles, D. D. (New York, Appletons). 

 ''Studies in the Mountain Instruction" is one 

 of the Rev. George Dana Boardrnan's books of 

 devout and lofty religious contemplation (New 

 York, Appletons). Professor T. C. Murray's 

 u Origin and Growth of the Psalms" (New 

 York, Scribners) is one of the most thought- 

 ful and original religious works of the year. 

 The "Studies in the New Testament," by the 

 Rev. Dr. Charles Robinson, D. D., is another 

 of the numerous aids to the understanding of 

 the Scriptures ; as are also Calderwood's " Para- 

 bles of our Lord," and Taylor's " Gospel Mira- 

 cles." " The Age-Temptation of American 

 Christians" is a popular book of religious re- 

 flections (New York, Randolph). " The Foun- 

 dations of Christianity," by the Rev. Dr. J. 

 Monro Gibson (Chicago, Jansen, McClurg & 

 Co.), is a vigorous and clear example of modern 

 religious thought. The " Sacraments of the 

 New Testament," by the Rev. G. D. Armstrong 

 (New York, Armstrong), is an elaborate ac- 

 count of the sacraments of the Protestant and 

 also those of the Catholic Church. " Christ 

 bearing Witness to Himself" (New York, Ran- 

 dolph) is a volume of thoughtful lectures by 

 the Rev. George A. Chad wick, D. D. A 

 " Compendium of Christian Theology " (New 

 York, Phillips & Hunt) is a systematic course 

 of Biblical, dogmatic, and historical theology 

 in outline, by William Burt Wilder, D. D. 



The number of works on subjects connected 

 with Philosophy is small, but includes some of 

 considerable originality and depth. Some val- 

 uable translations have also been published. 

 The development theory, as applied to ethics, 

 receives an able contribution in " The Morals 

 of Evolution," by M. J. Savage (Boston). In 

 "The Emotions," Dr. McCosh draws a line of 

 demarkation between the psychological excite- 

 ment and the physiological phenomena attend- 

 ing the expression of the emotions. " Natural 

 Science and Religion " (New York, Scribners) 

 is a reprint of lectures by Professor Asa Gray, 

 expressing the concurrent acceptance of the 

 theory of the evolution of species and the rev- 

 elations of the Bible. " Life : its True Genesis," 

 by R. W. Wright (New York, Putnams), is 

 a sharp polemic against the evolutionist school. 

 The " Theory of Thought " is a treatise on de- 

 ductive logic, which follows the old Aristote- 

 lian principles, but in analysis and systematic 

 treatment contains much which is original, by 

 Noah K. Davis (New York, Harpers). " The 

 Perception of Space and Matter," by Rev. 

 Johnston Estep Walter, propounds an original 

 and philosophical theory of perception (Bos- 



ton, Estes & Lauriat). The translation of 

 Professor Eucken's "Fundamental Concepts 

 of Modern Philosophic Thought " (New York, 

 Appletons) is a lucid exposition of the posi- 

 tion of the introspective philosophers with re- 

 gard to the fundamental problems of being, 

 which, for want of a popular interpretation, 

 have of late been neglected for less abstract 

 studies. Lange's great work on the " History 

 of Materialism " has been published in a trans- 

 lation (Boston, Houghton). 



Of publications on the Natural Sciences 

 there have appeared but few original treatises 

 in book form during the year. For the popu- 

 lar presentation of the theoretical conclusions 

 and important discoveries of the scientific 

 world the public depend in a great measure 

 upon British authors. Several translations of 

 extensive works in other languages have been 

 made and published in this country, and all the 

 important English books of popular interest 

 have been reproduced. The original scientific 

 workers in the United States, who are becom- 

 ing more numerous and their labors more pro- 

 ductive, find admirable vehicles for the publi- 

 cation of their results in the scientific periodi- 

 cals, the reports and transactions of scientific 

 societies, and, lately, in the publications which 

 are issued at the expense of some of the larger 

 universities. The aid and encouragement which 

 is extended to science by the Government is 

 not generaljy appreciated. Though the prin- 

 ciple is deprecated by many, the extent of 

 this encouragement and the value of the subsi- 

 dized labors to science and to the country aro 

 disproportionately greater than the costs in- 

 curred. The important publications of the 

 scientific bureaus connected with the Govern- 

 ment, and those of the States, deserve notice 

 from their increase and improvement. Among 

 the Government publications may be men- 

 tioned " Henry's Contribution to the Electro- 

 Magnetic Telegraph," by William B. Taylor ; 

 " Report on the Lands of the Arid Regions of 

 the United States," by J. W. Powell; Colonel 

 Garrick Mallery's "Introduction to the Sign 

 Languages among the North American Ind- 

 ians," a Smithsonian publication ; Lieutenant 

 Sigsbee's "Deep Sea Soundings," the mag- 

 nificently illustrated account of hydrographic 

 work on the American coast; the "Mono- 

 graphs on the Cotton Worm," by Charles V. 

 Riley, and the "Chinch-Bug," by Cyrus Thom- 

 as; G. K. Gilbert's " Report on the Geology 

 of the Henry Mountains," an important origi- 

 nal work upon volcanic action ; Hayden's 

 " Reports on the Geological Survey of the 

 Territories " ; " The Narrative of the Second 

 Arctic Expedition made by Charles F. Hall," 

 edited by Professor J. E. Nourse ; and Dr. 

 Baird's ""Fishery Reports." 



The "North American Entomologist," A. R. 

 Grote, editor, is a new scientific monthly, pub- 

 lished in Buffalo; Nicol's chapters from the 

 "Physical History of the Earth" is a well- 

 planned book on the changes of the planet 



