468 



LITERATURE, BRITISH, IN 1880. 



York, Appletons) is the most successful argu- 

 mentative and explanatory work on the Dar- 

 winian theory which has yet been address- 

 ed to the general public, as well as an excel- 

 lent and original scientific monograph upon 

 the family of crustaceans which is selected 

 to illustrate the author's doctrine. Huxley's 

 "Introductory Science Primer" (New York, 

 Appletons) is an important essay upon the 

 aims and methods of modern science. Profess- 

 or E. Ray Lankester's " Degeneration " (Lon- 

 don, Macmillan) is an original contribution to 

 the Darwinian doctrine, giving to the degen- 

 eration of species an important part in organic 

 evolution. Alfred Russel Wallace's " Island 

 Life " is an elaborate and important treatise 

 upon the conditions and character of insular 

 faunas and floras, complementary to his " Geo- 

 graphical Distribution of Animals" (London, 

 Macmillan). "Mind in the Lower Animals in 

 Health and Disease," by Dr. W. Lauder Lind- 

 say (New York, Appletons), is a cogent and 

 original treatise, written from the materialistic 

 standpoint, presenting a mass of evidence to 

 prove that animals possess a psychical nature 

 differing only in degree from that of man. 

 " Man and Beast Here and Hereafter " is a ge- 

 nial defense of the belief that animals have im- 

 mortal souls, and a good-humored recital of 

 the remonstrances the author provoked by an- 

 nouncing his belief, by Rev. J. G. Wood. Dr. 

 Bastian's new book, " The Brain as an Organ 

 of Mind " (New York, Appletons), is a work of 

 great importance on psychology and the phys- 

 iological aspects of mind. Charles and Francis 

 Darwin's work on the " Power of Movement in 

 Plants " (New York, Appletons) records some 

 of the most important discoveries in vegetable 

 physiology ever made (see CIRCUMNUTATION). 



There has been issued the first part of a 

 great work on the infusoria, by W. Saville 

 Kent (London, David Bogue). The first vol- 

 ume of the final report, prepared under the 

 superintendence of Sir Wyville Thomson, of 

 the " Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Chal- 

 lenger " has been printed, and contains the re- 

 port on "Zoology." "Ideal Chemistry" sug- 

 gests problem? in chemical science, and con- 

 tains conjectures on the fundamental condi- 

 tions of matter, by Professor Brodie, of Oxford 

 (London, Macmillan). W. Mattieu Williams, 

 one of the best popular writers on science, has 

 written " A Simple Treatise on Heat (London, 

 Chatto & Windus). "Ponds and Ditches" 

 is a pleasing popular exposition of scientific 

 knowledge, by M. C. Cooke. Professor Wurtz 

 has contributed to the "International Scien- 

 tific Series " an admirable history and explana- 

 tion of " The Atomic Theory," translated by E. 

 Cleminshaw (London, C. Kegan Paul & Co.). 

 Karl Semper's excellent book on " The Natural 

 Conditions of Existence as they affect Animal 

 Life" has been translated. "Fossil Men and 

 their Modern Representatives " (London, Hod- 

 der & Stoughton) gives an able argument in 

 refutation of the doctrine of evolution based 



upon anthropological research, by Professor 

 J. W. Dawson, of Montreal. Professor W. 

 Boyd Dawkins has written an exhaustive work 

 on "Early Man in Britain and his Place in 

 the Tertiary Period " (New York, Macmillan). 

 Macmillan has published a translation of Pas- 

 teur's " Studies in Fermentation." " Electric 

 Induction," by J. E. H. Gordon (London, Low), 

 is a republication of lectures before the Royal 

 Institution, explaining in popular language the 

 accepted theory of electricity and the facts 

 which support it. " Geodesy," by Colonel A. 

 R. Clarke (Oxford, Clarendon Press), is the first 

 treatise on the subject in the English language. 

 Professor M. Foster's " Text-Book of Physiol- 

 ogy " is an admirable treatise embodying the 

 latest advances of the science (London, Macmil- 

 lan). "The Poetry of Astronomy" contains 

 Richard A. Proctor's latest popular scientific 

 essays ; another of his recent productions is 

 "The Stars and the Earth" (St. Louis, Jones). 

 " The Power of Sound," by Edmund Gnrney, 

 is an elaborate scientific treatise on music. 



" Therapeutics and Materia Medica," by 0. 

 E. Armand Semple; "Forensic Medicine and 

 Toxicology," by W. Douglass Heming, and 

 " Aids to Anatomy," by George Brown, are stu- 

 dents' manuals (New York, Putnams). " Eye- 

 sight, Good and Bad " (London, Macmillan) is 

 a practical treatise on the care of the eye by 

 Robert B. Carter. On sanitary subjects there 

 have appeared " Health and Healthy Homes," 

 by George Wilson (Philadelphia, Blakiston), 

 adapted to American conditions ; Professor 

 Corfield's " Dwelling -Houses" (New York, 

 Van Nostrand) ; and " Health," a popular trea- 

 tise on personal hygiene (New York, Apple- 

 tons), by the same author. 



The passion for travel preceded the develop- 

 ment of scientific tastes in England. Since the 

 acquirement of scientific knowledge has become 

 a part of the higher education, the descriptions 

 of travels have a better fund of interesting ma- 

 terial to draw upon than the scraps of classical 

 learning and antiquarian speculations which 

 used to flavor such works. The widely extend- 

 ed imperial interests of Great Britain cause the 

 English to feel more directly concerned with 

 many remote lands than the people of other 

 countries, and actuate the preparation of pro- 

 found studies of those lands by trained political 

 administrators or by other investigators who 

 have given their subjects prolonged attention. 

 " Portugal, Old and New," is a volume of in- 

 telligent observations and researches by Os- 

 wald Crawford, for a long time British consul 

 at Oporto (New York, Putnams). " Siberia in 

 Europe " gives an account of an ornithological 

 tour to Northeast Russia, by H. Seebohm. 

 " The Gardens of the Sun " is an account of a 

 naturalist's visit to Borneo, by F. W. Burbidge 

 (London, Murray). "Africa, Past and Pres- 

 ent," by an Old Resident [Mr. Moister], is a 

 brief summary of the history of African ex- 

 ploration (New York, American Tract Society). 

 " Recollections of South Africa at the Time of 





