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LOGAN, JOHN A. 



LOUISIANA. 



nent part in the Presidential campaign of that 

 year. He rejoined his troops, who had accom- 

 panied General Sherman in his famous "march 

 to the sea," at Savannah, and remained in ac- 

 tive service with Sherman's army till the sur- 

 render of the Confederate forces under General 

 Joseph E. Johnston, April 26, 1865. On May 

 23d he was appointed to the command of the 

 Army of the Tennessee, but, as soon as active 

 service in the field was over, he resigned his 

 commission, stating that he did not wish to 

 draw pay when not on active duty. He was 

 appointed Minister to Mexico by President 

 Johnson, hut declined. In 1866 he was elected 

 a Representative from Illinois to the Fortieth 

 Congress as a Republican, and served as one 

 of the managers in the impeachment trial of 

 President Johnson. He was reflected to the 

 Forty-first Congress, and did good service as 

 chairman of the Committee on Military Affairs 

 in securing the passage of an act for the reduc- 

 tion of the army. He was reflected to the 

 Forty-second Congress, but before that body 

 convened he was chosen by the Illinois Legis- 

 lature a Senator of the United States for the 

 term beginning March 4, 1871. He succeeded 

 Vice-President Wilson as chairman of the Sen- 

 ate Committee on Military Affairs at the be- 

 ginning of the third session of the Forty-second 

 Congress, December .2, 1872. After the expi- 

 ration of his term of service, March 3, 1877, 

 he resumed the practice of law in Chicago. He 

 was again returned to the United States Sen- 

 ate, and took his seat on the convening of that 

 body in extra session, March 18, 1879. Both 

 in the House and Senate he lias maintained his 

 reputation for brilliancy and success gained in 

 the field. While a Representative, his most im- 

 portant speeches were: " On Resonstruction," 

 July 12, 1867; "On the Impeachment of 

 President Johnson," February 22, 1868; 

 "Principles of the Democratic Party," July 

 16, 1868; on a resolution introduced by Gen- 

 eral B. F. Butler protesting against counting 

 the electoral vote of Georgia, February 12, 

 1869; "Removing the Capitol," January 22, 

 1870. In the Senate his most noted speeches 

 have been: "Vindication of President Grant 

 against the Attack of Charles Sumner," June 3, 

 1872 ; a reply to Senator Gordon on the " Ku- 

 klux in Louisiana," January 13, 1875 ; " On the 

 Equalization of Bounties of Soldiers, Sailors, 

 and Marines of the Late War for the Union," 

 March 2, 1875; "On the Power of the Gov- 

 ernment to enforce United States Laws," June 

 28, 1879. On the 6th of June of the pres- 

 ent year he delivered an able and eloquent 

 speech on the "Fitz John Porter case," which 

 has added greatly to his reputation as a forci- 

 ble and effective speaker. General Logan is a 

 man of fine presence, rendered striking by his 

 jet-black hair and strongly marked features. 

 He possesses in a high degree those traits of 

 character which win success a strong personal 

 magnetism, undaunted courage, and untiring 

 industry. November 27, 1855, he was married 



to Miss Mary S. Cunningham, a daughter of 

 Captain Cunningham, Register of the Land- 

 Office at Shawneetown, Illinois. She is a lady 

 of superior education and rare social qualities, 

 who has taken a deep interest in her husband's 

 career, and has done much to aid in his ad- 

 vancement by her genial intercourse with his 

 supporters, and the care with which she has 

 attended to his large correspondence. 



LOUISIANA. The State of Louisiana began 

 the year 1880 with a new Constitution which 

 the people had adopted in December, 1879. 

 This power of reorganization of the political 

 law of the State, Louisiana has frequently ex- 

 ercised. Her first Constitution was framed in 

 1812, when she applied for admission to the 

 Union. It required that the Governor, Lieu- 

 tenant-Governor, and legislators should have 

 had a long residence in the State, with a landed 

 estate and a further qualification as to age. 

 Judges were appointed for life. In 1845 a sec- 

 ond Constitution was formed to check the Leg- 

 islature in granting charters to banking and 

 other corporations, and to restrain those already 

 in existence. In 1852 the State desired an 

 elective judiciary for a short term, and rail- 

 roads, and power to issue bonds, and so a third 

 Constitution was framed. In 1861 the State 

 made a fourth Constitution, and seceded from 

 the Union. In 1864 and 1868 a fifth and sixth 

 Constitution were made to restore the State to 

 the Union. In 1879 the State adopted its sev- 

 enth Constitution. There were many limita- 

 tions upon legislative, executive, and judicial 

 powers, and there is no small confusion in the 

 language. Stability in the constitution of gov- 

 ernment, experience and skill in the administra- 

 tive departments, and vigilance on the part of 

 the people, alone prevent disorder. On the 12th 

 of January the Legislature met in New Orleans, 

 and, being the first Assembly under the new 

 Constitution, its labors were chiefly directed to 

 the supplementing of that instrument, and the 

 passage of laws to promote the smooth working 

 of the various departments of the newly or- 

 ganized State government. The executive and 

 legislative officers chosen under this Constitu- 

 tion were inducted into office on the 14th of 

 January. Not long after, there was appointed 

 a judiciary composed for the most part of 

 Judges who appeared on the bench for the first 

 time. The Governor, Louis A. Wiltz ; in his 

 first message to the Assembly, reminded that 

 body that, their sessions having been changed 

 from annual to biennial, it became their duty to 

 provide in advance for all financial and other 

 contingencies which might arise during that 

 period. The capital having been changed to 

 Baton Rouge, in preparation for their next 

 meeting, they must repair the former Capitol in 

 that town, and take measures for the sale or 

 conversion of property belonging to the State 

 in New Orleans. Special laws must be passed 

 in reference to the liens and privileges of me- 

 chanics and laborers, and the responsibility of 

 corporations and companies for work done for 



