600 



OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. 



Bergelle-Averon, in the department of Gers, 

 in 1806 ; died at the castle of Couloume, in the 

 same department, January 31, 1880. He came 

 in 1832 to Paris, where he obtained, through 

 Victor Hugo, employment on the u Revue de 

 Paris," and later on the "Journal desDebats." 

 Subsequently Girardin employed him on the 

 "Presse," in which journal he defended negro 

 slavery. His views on slavery endeared him 

 to the planters of Martinique and Guadeloupe, 

 and the last-named colony elected him as its 

 delegate. As a supporter of M. Guizot, he 

 made himself noted for the violence of his at- 

 tacks upon the opposition journals. In 1848 

 he joined the Republicans ; but two years later 

 he started a journal, the " Pouvoir," in advo- 

 cacy of " a strong man at the head of the Gov- 

 ernment." Since 1880 he has been one of the 

 chiefs of the Bonapartist party, which he repre- 

 sented as deputy for the department of Gers 

 in the Legislative Assemblies, both of the em- 

 pire and, since 1876, of the republic. His atti- 

 tude as a deputy was as violent and belligerent 

 as in the press, and gave rise to many sensa- 

 tions. Of late he had taken but little part in 

 journalism, being more than replaced by his 

 son, Paul de Cassagnac. He was the author of 

 numerous works, the last of which was en- 

 titled " Souvenirs du Second Empire " (1880), 

 a reprint of a series of articles originally con- 

 tributed to his son's paper. 



HAHN-HAHN, IDA, Countess, a German au- 

 thoress, born at Tressow, Mecklenburg-Schwe- 

 rin, June 22, 1805; died at Mayence, January 12, 

 1880. She was married at the age of twenty- 

 one to her cousin, Count Friedrich Wilhelm 

 Adolf von Hahn-Hahn, but was divorced in 

 1829. In 1850 she joined the Roman Catholic 

 Church, and in 1852 she entered the house of 

 the Good Shepherd at Angers. Soon after, 

 she took up her residence in a convent of the 

 same order which was founded by her at May- 

 ence. She had written a number of novels be- 

 fore she became a Roman Catholic, and she con- 

 tinued her literary activity as Superior of the 

 convent, writing, besides several other works, 

 twelve Catholic novels, the last of which, 

 entitled u Wahl und Fiihrung," was published 

 in 1879. 



HARTZENBUSCH, JUAN EUGENIO, a Spanish 

 author, born in Madrid, September 6, 1806; died 

 at Madrid, in August, 1880. His father was a 

 German joiner, who had settled and married 

 in Spain. He was educated by the Jesuits for 

 the priesthood, but abandoned the Church for a 

 literary career. The Revolution of 1823 hav- 

 ing ruined the small fortune of his father, he 

 learned a joiner's trade, and for several years 

 supplemented his daily labors at the bench by 

 his nightly pursuit of literature. His first ef- 

 forts were translations or adaptations of French 

 comedies. Subsequently he prepared some of 

 Calderon's works for the modern stage, wrote 

 lyric poems, learned short-hand writing, and 

 became in 1835 stenographer for the official 

 " Gaceta de Madrid." His first great dramatic 



success was in 1835 with "The Lovers of Ze- 

 ruel," which was followed by a number of oth- 

 er plays. He was elected to the Academy of 

 Madrid in 1847, and became Director of "the 

 Royal Library in 1862. Of late years he had 

 written little, but freely imparted his vast eru- 

 dition to younger men. 



HAGEN, ERNST AUGUST, a German art his- 

 torian, novelist, and poet, born at Konigsberg, 

 April 12, 1797; died February 15, 1880. His 

 first poem, " Alfried and Lisena " (Konigsberg, 

 1820), which he published while a student at 

 the university, was highly recommended by 

 Goethe. He was a prolific author of works on 

 the history of art. 



JACOBS, JACQUES ALBERT MICHEL, otherwise 

 known as Jacob Jacobs, a Belgian painter, 

 born at Antwerp, in 1812; died in Antwerp, 

 December 9, 1879. For many years he was 

 professor at the Antwerp Academy, and paint- 

 ed chiefly landscapes and marines. He firs 

 exhibited when he was but twenty years ol 

 age, at Antwerp, Brussels, and Ghent, am 

 quickly gained very favorable recognition. H< 

 received medals at Belgian exhibitions in 183( 

 and 1842, and one of gold in 1844; was mad< 

 officer of the order of Leopold in 1864 and 

 member of the Academy of Antwerp in 1851. 

 His funeral was of a semi-public character, 

 ing attended by the municipality of Antwerp, 

 as well as the members of the Academy and 

 large gathering of citizens. 



JONES, THOMAS RYMER, an English anat< 

 mist, born in 1810 ; died in London, in Decem- 

 ber, 1880. On the first establishment of King's 

 College, London, he was appointed to the chair 

 of Comparative Anatomy in that institutioi 

 and in 1840 he became Fullerian Professor 

 Physiology at the Royal Institution. The worl 

 by which he achieved the greatest reputatu 

 is " The General Outline of the Animal Kinj 

 dom," which was published in 1841, and is 

 regarded as a standard authority. 



LANDSEER, THOMAS, an English engraver, 

 born in 1794 ; died January 20, 1880. He wj 

 the eldest and last surviving of a celebrate( 

 trio of brothers, Charles Landseer having dit 

 in 1879, and Sir Edwin Landseer about sh 

 years ago. Thomas occupied for many year 

 a distinguished place in the world of art, and 

 especially excelled in mezzotint engravings. 

 He executed among many other favorite sub- 

 jects the " Horse Fair" of Rosa Bonheur, ai 

 he continued to practice his art with but scan- 

 ty signs of failing power, down to 1879. 



LEMAIRE, PHILIPPE, a French sculptor, boi 

 at Valenciennes, in 1798 ; died in August, 1880. 

 He was a pupil of Cartellier, and obtained the 

 grand prix de Rome in 1821. In 1836 he was 

 charged with the task of decorating the Made- 

 leine, and the gates of the Academy of Fine 

 Arts were thereby opened to him. In 11 

 he entered political life, in which he made 

 not inconsiderable figure, and from which he 

 retired in 1869. 



LESSING, KARL FRIEDRICH, a German painter, 



