ODBAY, CHIEF. 



PARNELL, CHARLES S. 615 



sen's " History of the Passion" (18,39), and De 

 Wette's " Human Life " (1842). In 1850 he 

 became the editor of the " Christian Inquirer," 

 and wrote largely for its columns, and for those 

 of the "Christian Examiner," the "Bibliotheca 

 Sacra, 1 ' and the "North American Review." 

 Some of these essays were republished as 

 *' Studies of Christian Biography " (1851). He 

 was the author of "The Hearthstone" (1854), 

 " God with Men " (1854), " Milestones in our 

 Life Journey " (1855), " Student Life " (1800), 

 "American Leaves" (1867), "Essay on the 

 Ethics of Art" (1876), besides many orations 

 and memorial discourses. He received his 

 degree of doctor of divinity from Harvard 

 in 1857, and that of LL. D. from Hobart Col- 

 lege in 1860. He died in New York, April 

 14th. 



OURAY, Chief, was born in Colorado about 

 sixty years ago. The tribe of Utes to which 

 he belonged, and which gave its name to Utah, 

 was numerous, and subdivided into various 

 bands. He was chief of the Uncompahgre 

 Utes, whose specific title is probably a corrup- 

 tion of the Spanish term un compadre. Ouray's 

 only son was captured by the Sioux, and is 

 supposed to be still living among that hostile 



tribe. He made many appeals to the Great 

 Father at Washington in behalf of tins boy. 

 He was several times a visitor at the Federal 

 capital to represent the grievances of hi.s people. 

 His dignity and eloquence were remarkable. 

 He knew the Spanish language, and signed the 

 letters he caused to be written to the President 

 or to the Indian Department. His services 

 were indispensable to the Government in con- 

 ducting negotiations with the Utes, who kept 

 in good faith all agreements made through him. 

 He was known as the white man's friend among 

 bis tribe ; but it is likewise true that he pro- 

 tected their interests so far as he could. They 

 remained savage, but he accepted a certain de- 

 gree of civilization. He built a comfortable 

 house, owned and cultivated a farm, and used 

 a carriage presented to him by the Governor 

 of Colorado. He was a famous warrior in his 

 youth, but in his old age he became a lover of 

 peace. At the time of the Meeker murder his 

 personal influence alone restrained the breaking 

 out of hostilities. His last visit to Washing- 

 ton was to effect the sale of the Ute reserva- 

 tion in Colorado, which will now be difficult 

 of accomplishment. He died, August 27th, at 

 Los Pinos Agency, Colorado. 



PARNELL, CHARLES STEWART, the head of 

 the Irish Land League, was born in 1846. He 

 is the son of the late John Henry Parnell, of 

 Avondale, County Wicklow, who was at one 

 time High Sheriff for the County of Meath. 

 His grandfather was the last Chancellor of the 

 Exchequer of the Irish Parliament, and a bitter 

 opponent of the Union. His mother was the 

 daughter of an admiral of the United States 

 Navy. Soon after finishing his education at 

 Magdalene College, Cambridge, he was elected 

 in 1875, at the early age of twenty-nine years, 

 member of Parliament for Meath, and he rep- 

 resented this constituency until 1880. He was 

 elected as a candidate of the party of Home 

 Rulers, and soon became a prominent member 

 of the party. In 1877 he was one of the seven 

 members of the party who tried to extort con- 

 cessions from the Government by systematic- 

 ally obstructing the business of the House (see 

 "Annual Cyclopaedia" for 1877, article GREAT 

 BRITAIN), and who were therefore called Ob- 

 structionists. By most of the leading men of 

 the party he was, however, greatly^ disliked. 

 He was never on any but bare speaking terms 

 with Mr. Butt, and the relations between him 

 and Mr. Shaw, the subsequent leader of the 

 Home Rule party, were very similar. The 

 breach between him and the party generally 

 was considerably widened by an incident which 

 took place in 1879. At a meeting of the Home 

 Rule Committee he urged that, unless the Gov- 

 ernment granted a substantial University Bill 

 to Ireland, the whole of the votes for the 



Queen's College should be opposed. The pro- 

 posal was rejected, and Mr. Parnell, who is a 

 Protestant, is said, while smarting under de- 

 feat, to have used the words, " You are a cow- 

 ardly lot of Papist rats ! " A fierce controversy 

 on the subject raged for some time in the Irish 

 papers. It was asserted by some members of 

 Parliament, and denied by others, that the 

 words had been used. The report, at all 

 events, gave rise to a great deal of bad blood, 

 and alienated a great portion of the Home Rul- 

 ers from Mr. Parnell and his projects. An at- 

 tempt made by Mr. Parnell in 1879 to call a 

 national convention, in which he intended to re- 

 construct the Home Rule party, failed through 

 the opposition of the more conservative mem- 

 bers of the party. On the other hand, he suc- 

 ceeded in October of the same year in organiz- 

 ing a " National Irish Land League," of which 

 he was chosen president. (See IRELAND.) He 

 was the principal and most popular speaker in 

 the many meetings which preceded and fol- 

 lowed the organization of the League, and his 

 influence rapidly rose with the increasing pow- 

 er of the League. It was repeatedly said in 

 1880 that Ireland was no longer ruled by the 

 Viceroy but by Parnell and the Land League. 

 In January, 1880, he paid a visit to the United 

 States to collect contributions for the poor in 

 Ireland, and the House of Representatives in 

 Washington allowed him the use of its hall for 

 holding a meeting. At the new elections in 

 1880 he was simultaneously returned for Meath, 

 Mayo, and Cork City, but elected to sit for the 



