PORTUGAL. 



627 



Area In sq. kilometres. 

 Brought forward 90,089 



(5). North Cornwall 



(6) Grin nell Land 



Victoria Islands 



(7). North Devon 



North Kent 



Philpot's Island 



Coburg Island 



Total Northern Group. 



3. Land icest of Smith Sound: 



Between 78 and 83 north latitude (Lincoln 



1,650 

 5,650 

 440 

 53,400 

 940 

 660 

 530 



153,359 



in contos and milreis (1 conto=l,000 mill vi- ; 1 

 milreis=$l-08; 5,624:448 means 5,624 contos 

 and 448 milreis) : 



REVENUE. 



1 . Direct taxes 5624:448 



2. Register 2.7 1:1 : r,n 



8. Indirect taxes 14.-J.".' : nr,; 



4. National domain L80] : 858 



5. Other receipts 1,158 : 868 



6. Extraordinary loan of 1878 2,488 : 000 



Total. 



:840 



807 



il.i 

 910 



EXPENDITURE. 



Public debt 11,852 ; 



Ministry of Finance 6 024 



of the Interior .' .' . '.MM 



of Worship and Justice WJ : 



of War 4,836 : 127 



of Navy and Colonies 1.629-666 



of Foreign Affairs 277 : 941 



of Public Works 3,940 : 047 



Extraordinary expenditures 2,815 : 212 



3J ' UW Total 88^1997046 



Total South of America 237,935 



2. South of Australia : 



Victoria Land 



Wilkes Land 



Kemp Island and Enderby Land . , 



Total South of Australia 



330,000 

 165.000 

 28,000 



523,000 



Total Polar Territories 660,935 



PORTUGAL, a kingdom in Southwestern 

 Europe. King, Luis I, born October 31, 1838 ; 

 succeeded his brother, Pedro V, November 

 11, 1861 ; married October 6, 1862, to Pia, 

 youngest daughter of King Victor Emanuel, of 

 Italy. Issue of the union are two sons : Charles, 

 Duke of Braganza, born September 28, 1863 ; 

 and Alfons, Duke of Oporto, born July 31, 1865. 



The area and population (according to the 

 census of 1878) are given in the following 

 table : 



Portugal has extensive possessions in Africa 

 and Asia, but the limits of some of the most 

 important possessions being not defined, only 

 estimates can be given of both area and popu- 

 lations. The " Gotha Almanac " for 1881 gives 

 the following table : 



Portugal has only two cities with more than 

 100,000 inhabitants (according to the census ot 

 1878) : Lisbon with 233,389, and Oporto with 

 108,346. 



The following were the gross sums of the 

 budget estimates for the financial year 1880-'81, 



The public debt on June 30, 1879, amounted 

 to 387,659:575 milreis, against 374,122:000 

 in 1878. There has been no budget for the 

 last thirty years without a deficit. The Minis- 

 ter of Finance, in the budget speech of 1880, 

 ascribed the unsatisfactory state of the finances 

 to the following causes : That no effective con- 

 trol over the public purse can be exercised by 

 the Cortes in the absence of any authoritative 

 statement of the actual as compared with the 

 estimated expenditure of each completed finan- 

 cial year ; that for the last six years the bal- 

 ances, as represented in the budget, have been 

 fictitious, the sums voted at the beginning of 

 each session having always been exceeded, 

 sometimes even without the authorization of a 

 special law; that from 1874 to 1879, inclusive, 

 over 9,000,000 milreis had been obtained from 

 loans. 



The actual strength of the army on July 15, 

 1880, was 1,817 officers and 28,088 men. The 

 strength of the army on the war footing is 2,688 

 officers and 75,336 men. The army in the colo- 

 nies consists of 447 officers and 7,526 men. 



The navy in 1880 consisted of 27 steamers of 

 an aggregate of 4,460 horse-power and 139 

 guns, and 14 sailing-vessels of 39 guns. 



The trade of Portugal in 1877 was as follows 

 (in contos) : 



The most important articles of export are 

 wine (in 1877, 11,409 contos), animals and 



