628 



PORTUGAL. 



PRESBYTERIANS. 



animal food (3,159 contos), seeds and fruit 

 (2,177), and minerals (2,074). 



The movement of shipping in 1877 was as 

 follows: 



The commercial navy in 1879 consisted of 

 554 vessels, of which 42 were steamers. The 

 total length of railways in operation in Sep- 

 tember, 1880, was 1,248 kilometres, besides 

 which 450 kilometres were in course of con- 

 struction. The length of telegraph-lines in 

 September, 1878, was 3,711 kilometres, of wires 

 8,042 kilometres ; the number of stations (in 

 1880), 185 ; the number of dispatches (in 1878), 

 662,708. The number of post-offices in Septem- 

 ber, 1880, was 863, of which 47 were on the 

 islands. 



The Cortes were opened January 4th by the 

 King, who in his speech from the throne stated 

 that his relations with all foreign powers were 

 friendly. His Majesty announced the intention 

 of the Government to introduce a bill for de- 

 centralizing, in a large measure, the administra- 

 tion of the colonial possessions of the kingdom, 

 and to bring in measures relating to the prin- 

 ciple of ministerial responsibility, regulating 

 the employment of children in factories, and 

 insuring freedom of election and the due rep- 

 resentation of minorities. The late loan, it was 

 stated, had been completely subscribed by home 

 and foreign capital. A convention with Eng- 

 land concerning trade-marks was approved. A 

 convent! on regulating literary property between 

 Portugal and Spain was signed in September. 

 Three royal decrees concerning political and 

 economical reforms to be introduced in the 

 Portuguese Indies were published in September. 

 A decree was published in November citing the 

 provisions of the law of the Marquis of Pombal 

 prohibiting Jesuit communities and establish- 

 ments in the kingdom, which was declared to 

 be still in force, and ordering the civil gov 

 ernors and public functionaries throughout the 

 nation to use all vigilance in order to prevent 

 any infringements of it. A provisional con- 

 tract was signed in November for a loan of 

 4,000,000 sterling ($19,400,000). 



The Archbishop of Goa, the Roman Catholic 

 Primate of the East, died in Lisbon, Novem- 

 ber 28th. 



News was received from Loanda in Septem- 

 ber that Senhor Lino, captain of the steamer 

 Andrade, had steamed up the Congo River as 

 far as Noki, two hours 1 sail from Bibi, where 

 Mr. Stanley had established his headquarters. 

 This was the first time that a Portuguese had 

 ventured so far up the Congo. 



The " Diario de Noticias " announced in No- 

 vember that the Portuguese Government in- 

 tended to construct the projected railway be- 

 tween Delagoa Bay and the Transvaal on its 

 own account. 



Tercentenary festivities in memory of the 

 poet Camoens and of Vasco de Gama were 

 celebrated in Lisbon and throughout the king- 

 dom in June. The remains of the poet and of 

 the great navigator were deposited in the 

 Church of the Jeronimites at Belem on the 7th 

 with great pomp. The royal galleys carrying 

 the remains were accompanied by a war-ship, 

 steamers, and boats, in an imposing river pro- 

 cession, and the banks of the Tagus were lined 

 with people. A solemn ceremony took place 

 in the church, which was attended by the King, 

 the Queen, the Ministers, and the nobility. Sa- 

 lutes were tired from the ships and the castle, 

 the streets were brilliantly illuminated at night, 

 and the day was marked by general rejoicings. 

 The ceremonies were closed on the 10th with 

 a procession of triumphal cars, in which the 

 King and Queen and the other members of 

 the royal family, the high dignitaries of state, 

 the civic authorities, the foreign diplomatic 

 body, the trade and friendly societies, the mem- 

 bers of the various scientific institutions, and 

 deputations from the army and navy took part. 



PRESBYTERIANS. I. PRESBYTERIAN 

 CHURCH IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 

 The following is a summary of the statistics 

 of this Church by synods, as they were report- 

 ed to the General Assembly in May, 1880 : 



