660 



ROUMANIA. 



RUSSIA. 



hands of Bulgaria, commanded the bridge over 

 the Danube. The details of the settlement of 

 the frontier line between Roumania and the 

 Dobrudja were afterward agreed upon by the 

 powers, and communicated to the Roumanian 

 Government, whose duty it then became to 

 come to an understanding with Bulgaria re- 

 specting the actual work of marking the 

 boundary. 



The unfriendly feeling toward Russia, which 

 had been quite strong ever since the negotia- 

 tion of the Treaty of Berlin, became more in- 

 tense while these negotiations respecting the 

 frontier were going on. It was aggravated by 

 charges on the one side that the Russians were 

 carrying on intrigues in Roumania, and on the 

 other by a Russian accusation that the Govern- 

 ment at Bucharest was harboring incendiary 

 agents who desired to stir up revolution in 

 Russia. The Russian Government made rep- 

 resentations to that of Roumania concerning 

 the Nihilists who had taken refuge within 

 its territory, but the Roumanian Government 

 found no authority in law for taking any de- 

 cisive measures against them. The reports of 

 the extent of these jealousies, and of the char- 

 acter of the correspondence to which they led, 

 appear to have been much exaggerated, but 

 they were sufficiently real to influence the 

 course of the Government and lead it to seek 

 closer relations with Germany and Austria. 

 The feeling of the Government was not shared 

 by all of the people, and a part, including 

 Prince Gregory Stourdza, son of the late Hos- 

 podar of Moldavia, favored Russia. During 

 the debate of the Senate on the address in 

 February, Prince Stourdza had attacked the 

 Ministry, and urged that the true policy for the 

 country would be to seek an intimate union 

 with Russia and an alliance with the other 

 principalities of the Balkan Peninsula. The 

 speech was intended as a kind of political pro- 

 gramme for a new party to be formed out of 

 the members of the Opposition and some mal- 

 contents who had hitherto belonged to the 

 Ministerial part, and was followed by the es- 

 tablishment of a new Opposition journal, the 

 u Demokratia Nationala," 



The Government published a memorandum 

 on the question of the Danube in September, 

 in which it complained of a disposition of Aus- 

 tria to assume dictatorial power over the navi- 

 gation of the river, and claim the sole right of 

 police surveillance. It demanded that a Euro- 

 pean commission, to include representatives of 

 Roumania, Servia, and Bulgaria, should decree 

 what rules should be established. An arrange- 

 ment was made between the Austrian and Rou- 

 manian Governments in October, by which 

 Austria should retain the presidency and the 

 casting vote which it had claimed in the 

 mixed Danubian Commission, but that Rou- 

 mania should appoint the Inspector-General, 

 and the Commission should reside at Giur- 

 gevo instead of Rustchuk. 



A new Cabinet was formed at the beginning 



of August, as follows : J. C. Bratiano, Minister 

 of Finance and President of the Council of 

 Ministers; A. Boeresco, Minister of Foreign 

 Affairs ; A. Teriakio, Minister of the Interior ; 

 General G. Slaniceno, Minister of War ; Colo- 

 nel Dabija, Minister of Public Works; B. 

 Conta, Minister of Public Instruction and Jus- 

 tice. Teriakio, Dabija, and Conta were new 

 members. 



An. attempt was made, December 14th, to 

 assassinate Mr. Bratiano, the Premier, as he 

 was leaving the Chamber of Deputies. The 

 assailant, who succeeded in wounding the Min- 

 ister in two places with a knife, was arrested, 

 and found to be one Jean Pietraro, who had 

 been discharged from a position in the Ministry 

 of Finance on account of his bad reputation. 



The succession to the throne of Roumania 

 was settled by vote of the Senate, October 10, 

 1880, upon Prince Ferdinand of Hohenzollern, 

 nephew to Prince Charles, in the event of the 

 latter remaining childless. 



RUSSIA (EMPIRE OF ALL THE RTJSSIAS), an 

 empire in Europe and Asia. The Emperor Al- 

 exander II, who was born April 17 (new style), 

 1818, and succeeded his father, Nicholas I, 

 February 18, 1855, was assassinated on March 

 13, 1881. He was succeeded by his eldest son, 

 Alexander III, born February 26, 1845 ; mar- 

 ried, October 28, 1866, to Marra Feodorovna 

 (formerly called Sophia Frederica Dagmar), 

 daughter of King Christian IX of Denmark, 

 born November 14, 1847. Offspring of this 

 union are four children: 1. Nicholas, heir-ap- 

 parent, born May 6, 1868; 2. George, born 

 April 27, 1871; 3. Xenia, born March 25, 

 1875; 4. Michael, born November 23, 1878. 

 Brothers of the Emperor: 1. Vladimir, born 

 April 10, 1847, married August 16, 1874, to 

 Princess Marie, of Mecklenburg - Schwerin. 

 Offspring of this union are three sons, Cyrille, 

 born 1876, Boris, born 1877, and Andreas, 

 born 1879. 2. Alexis, born January 2, 1850; 

 3. Sergius, born April 29, 1857 ; 4. Paul, born 

 September 21, 1860. Uncles of the Emperor: 

 1. Constantine, High- Admiral of the Russian 

 Navy, born September 9, 1827, married, Au- 

 gust*30, 1848, to Princess Alexandra of Saxe- 

 Altenburg, of which union there are issue four 

 children : Nicholas, born 1850 ; Olga, Queen of 

 Greece, born 1851 ; Vera, widow of Prince 

 Eugen of Wurtemberg, born 1854; Constan- 

 tine, born 1858; Dimitis, born 1860; 2. Nicho- 

 las, born July 27, 1831, field-marshal in the 

 Russian Army, married to Princess Alexandra 

 of Oldenburg, of which marriage there are two 

 sons, Nicholas, born 1856, and Peter, born 

 1864; 3. Michael, born October 13, 1832, field- 

 marshal in the Russian Army, married to Prin- 

 cess Cecilia of Baden, of which marriage there 

 are six sons, Nicholas, born 1859; Michael, 

 1861 ; George, 1863 ; Alexander, 1866; Sergius, 

 1869 ; Alexis, 1875, and one daughter, Anasta- 

 sia, born 1860, and married, in 1879, to Prince 

 Frederic Frauol of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. 



The area and population of the great di- 



