674 



SUNDAY-SCHOOLS. 



SUITER, JOHN A. 



neering. The Niter and Mining Bureau having 

 become the sole reliance of the Confederacy 

 for the production of gunpowder, General St. 

 John was promoted to that branch of the ser- 

 vice, with his headquarters at Richmond. In 

 that position he established a high reputation, 

 and rendered great benefits to the Confed- 

 eracy. When General John C. Breckinridge 

 was appointed Secretary of War, he found 

 the commissariat in such a condition as de- 

 manded a change, and he selected General 

 St. John for the place. In this new field his 

 success was greater than ever, and he estab- 

 lished a system by which supplies for the army 

 were collected directly from the people and 

 placed in depots ready for transportation. He 

 was with President Davis and his Cabinet in 

 the retreat after the evacuation of Richmond, 

 but became separated from Mr. Davis before 

 the capture. Soon after the war he resumed 

 his profession in Kentucky, and became Chief 

 Engineer of the Louisville, Cincinnati and Lex- 

 ington Railroad. He built the Short-line to 

 Cincinnati, which was regarded as a great feat 

 in civil engineering. After the completion 

 of the Short line he became consulting engi- 

 neer of the city of Louisville, and was after- 

 ward elected City Engineer. To him the city 

 is indebted for the first topographical map, 

 and the establishment of its present system of 

 sewerage. He declined a reelection to the 

 office of City Engineer, and became Consulting 

 Engineer of the Chesapeake and Ohio Rail- 

 road, and Chief Engineer of the Lexington and 

 Big Sandy Railroad, which position he held at 

 the time of his death. He left to posterity a 

 character to be revered for its chivalric tone, 

 its earnest convictions, and its devotion to 

 duty in both military and civil life. 



SUNDAY-SCHOOLS. The following is a 

 summary of the statistics of Sunday-schools as 

 they were reported at the Sunday-school Cen- 

 tennial Meeting which was held in London in 

 June, 1880: 



The one hundredth anniversary of the or- 

 ganization of Sunday-schools in England by 

 Robert Raikes was celebrated in England and 

 the United States in June. A general celebra- 

 tion, which was participated in by delegates 

 from the different countries in which Sunday- 



schools have been established, was held in 

 London, June 26th, and during the following 

 week. A meeting for the reception of the 

 foreign delegates was held at the rooms of the 

 Sunday-school Union in the Old Bailey, on the 

 evening of June 26th. On Sunday, the 27th, spe- 

 cial services, with sermons appropriate to the 

 occasion, were held in the different churches. 

 A general meeting was held at the Guildhall, 

 Monday, June 28th, at which the Lord Mayor 

 presided. Resolutions were adopted acknowl- 

 edging the benefits which had accrued to the 

 whole of Christendom from the establishment 

 of Sunday-schools, and inviting all Christians 

 to make the present opportunity an occasion 

 for earnest and prayerful effort for the further 

 development and progress of those institutions. 

 Conferences were afterward held, at which 

 papers were read on subjects relating to Sun- 

 day-schools and their work, and information 

 was given concerning their condition in dif- 

 ferent countries. Celebrations were held dur- 

 ing the following days under the auspices of 

 the Church of 'England Sunday-school Insti- 

 tute and the Sund;iy-school Union (noncon- 

 formist), among the exercises of which were 

 children's festivals at the Crystal Palace and 

 the Archiepiscopal Palace at Lambeth. The 

 latter festival was attended by the Prince 

 of Wales and members of the royal family. 

 Statues of Robert Raikes were unveiled at 

 Gloucester, where Raikes organized his Sun- 

 day-schools, and in London, the latter being 

 on the Thames Embankment, near the Egyp- 

 tian obelisk. A monument was erected in 

 front of the Unitarian chapel in Essex Street, 

 London, in memory of the founders of the first 

 twelve Sunday-schools, beginning with Car- 

 dinal Borromeo, 1580, and ending with The- 

 ophilus Lindsay and Robert Raikes, 1780. 



SUTTER, General JOHN AUGUSTUS, Califor- 

 nia pioneer, was born at Kandern, Baden, on 

 the Swiss frontier, of a Swiss family, in 1803. 

 He graduated from the military college at Berne 

 in 1823. He entered the French army as an 

 officer of the " Swiss Guard," and served in 

 1823-'24 through the Spanish campaign. At 

 Grenoble the guard attempted a vain resist- 

 ance to the Revolution of 1830, which drove 

 out Charles X and upset the Bourbon mon- 

 archy. In 1834 he emigrated to the United 

 States and settled in what was then the small 

 frontier town of St. Louis. After being nat- 

 uralized, he moved to Westport. While em- 

 ployed in the cattle-trade with New Mexico he 

 heard, at Santa Fe, such accounts of the Pa- 

 cific coast that in 1838 he set out with six men 

 and traveled two thousand miles through re- 

 gions which no white man's foot had ever be- 

 fore trod. He went first to Oregon, descend- 

 ing the Columbia River to Fort Vancouver. 

 He embarked for the Sandwich Islands, where 

 he purchased a vessel and sailed to Sitka in 

 Russian America. After selling his cargo to 

 great advantage, he brought his vessel to San 

 Francisco Bay, where he landed July 2, 1839. 



