UNITED STATES. 



Pennsylvania, and being succeeded by Lucius 

 Fairchild, of Wisconsin, previously vice-con- 

 sul at Paris. The vacant mission at St. Peters- 

 burg was filled, near the beginning of the year, 

 by the appointment of John W. Foster, of In- 

 diana. In December, Justice William Strong, 

 of the Supreme Court, retired from the bench, 

 and Judge William B. Woods, of the Fifth 

 Circuit, was appointed his successor. Justice 

 Hunt continued unable to perform his judicial 

 duties, and toward the close of the year Justice 

 Clifford became incapacitated by sickness arid 

 age. The bench was further weakened early 

 in 1881 by the resignation of Justice Swayne, 

 and a prolonged vacancy in the position 'for- 

 merly occupied by him. 



The attention of the people of the country 

 was largely taken up during the year by the 

 canvass for the Presidential election. General 

 Grant, who had returned late in 1879 from his 

 tour around the world, which had occupied 

 most of the interval since he left the Executive 

 chair in March, 1877, and during which he 

 had received extraordinary attentions and 

 honors in most of the countries of Europe 

 and of Southern and Eastern Asia, was much 



talked of as the candidate of the Republican 

 party. The call for the National Convention 

 was issued by the Executive Committee of the 

 party, J. D. Cameron, of Pennsylvania, chair- 

 man, on the last day of 1879. The State Con- 

 ventions of Pennsylvania and New York were 

 held in February, and, under the lead of Sen- 

 ators Cameron and Conkling respectively, de- 

 clared for the candidacy of General Grant, and 

 instructed their delegates to the National Con- 

 vention to support it unitedly. Their action 

 was followed later in the canvass by the party 

 in Illinois under the lead of Senator Logan. 

 In each of these States more or less division of 

 sentiment was developed among the delegates, 

 and, in Illinois, contesting delegates were chos- 

 en from the Chicago district. (See articles on 

 ILLINOIS, NEW YORK, and PENNSYLVANIA.) 



A considerable independent and nnti-third- 

 term sentiment had in the mean time been 

 worked up throughout the country, and, on the 

 6th of May, a Republican Anti-Third-Term 

 Convention was held at St. Louis, which was 

 presided over by General J. B. Henderson, 

 and which adopted the following resolu- 

 tions : 



